f the Greek islands, North
Africa, and Spain. Another Lizard belonging to the _Scincidae_ has also
been found in some of the Greek islands, Sicily, Sardinia, Southern
Spain, and the Canary Islands. _Discoglossus pictus_--a toad--occurs in
Spain, North-west Africa, Malta, Sicily, Sardinia, and Corsica. A
variety of the Tree Frog (_Hyla arborea Savignyi_) is found in Europe
only in Corsica, Sardinia, and the Greek Archipelago.

Eight species of Reptiles and Amphibia--some of which I have just
referred to--are enumerated by Dr. Forsyth Major as occurring eastward
and westward of the Italian peninsula (and almost all also in North
Africa) without being known on the mainland of Italy. And in order to
show that Sardinia and Corsica are more closely related to North Africa
than to Italy, he indicates the general range of the Reptiles and
Amphibians found in these islands. Of the twenty-one species, only
twelve inhabit Italy, but at least sixteen North Africa and seventeen
Spain. Indeed, he shows that Corsica, Sardinia, Sicily, and North-west
Africa form a zoogeographical province, from which Italy, with the
exception of a few localities on its west coast, is excluded. It is a
remarkable fact that there are a few localities on the west coast of
Italy which in their fauna and flora exhibit closer relationship with
Corsica and Sardinia than with the mainland. Thus Dr. Major pointed out
that the _Catena Mettalifera_, the _Monte Argentario_, and _Monte
Circeo_ all belong to what we may call the former Tyrrhenian continent.
They are to be regarded as its eastern limits, which remained standing,
while the central portion--now occupied by the Tyrrhenian Sea--subsided,
and is at present covered by deep sea. Subsequently these remnants of
the old continent became joined with the newly-formed Italian
peninsula, but the plants and animals belonging to the older flora and
fauna were mostly destroyed by newer and more vigorous immigrants. A few
of the more hardy ones survived, and are a standing testimony of the
geographical revolutions of that part of Southern Europe.

That the Mediterranean area has undergone such profound geographical
changes as I have endeavoured to indicate is no new theory. Many
zoologists who have investigated the fauna of that region, and have
attempted to explain the faunistic relations, had to acknowledge that
the migrations must have taken place under geographical conditions
entirely different from those obtaini