ling or acting. It is usually employed in
conjunction with a noun, e.g. "bona fide purchaser," one who has
purchased property from its legal owner, to whom he has paid the
consideration, and from whom he has taken a legal conveyance, without
having any notice of any trust affecting the property; "bona fide
holder" of a bill of exchange, one who has taken a bill complete and
regular on the face of it, before it was overdue, and in good faith and
for value, and without notice of any defect in the title of the person
who negotiated it to him; "bona fide traveller" under the licensing
acts, one whose lodging-place during the preceding night is at least 3
m. distant from the place where he demands to be supplied with liquor,
such distance being calculated by the nearest public thoroughfare.

BONALD, LOUIS GABRIEL AMBROISE, VICOMTE DE (1754-1840), French
philosopher and politician, was born at Le Monna, near Millau in
Aveyron, on the 2nd of October 1754. Disliking the principles of the
Revolution, he emigrated in 1791, joined the army of the prince of
Conde, and soon afterwards settled at Heidelberg. There he wrote his
first important work, the highly conservative _Theorie du pouvoir
politique et religieux_ (3 vols., 1796; new ed., Paris, 1854, 2 vols.),
which was condemned by the Directory. Returning to France he found
himself an object of suspicion, and was obliged to live in retirement.
In 1806 he was associated with Chateaubriand and Fievee in the conduct
of the _Mercure de France_, and two years later was appointed councillor
of the Imperial University which he had often attacked. After the
restoration he was a member of the council of public instruction, and
from 1815 to 1822 sat in the chamber as deputy. His speeches were on the
extreme conservative side; he even advocated a literary censorship. In
1822 he was made minister of state, and presided over the censorship
commission. In the following year he was made a peer, a dignity which he
lost through refusing to take the oath in 1830. From 1816 he had been a
member of the Academy. He took no part in public affairs after 1830, but
retired to his seat at Le Monna, where he died on the 23rd of November
1840.

Bonald was one of the leading writers of the theocratic or
traditionalist school, which included de Maistre, Lamennais, Ballanche
and d'Eckstein. His writings are mainly on social and political
philosophy, and are based ultimately on one great principle, the d