ences.]

_41._ The Dative Case. In addition to the relationships between words
expressed by the nominative, genitive (possessive), and accusative
(objective) cases, there are other relationships, to express which in
English we use such words as _from_, _with_, _by_, _to_, _for_, _in_,
_at_.[1]

[Footnote 1: Words like _to_, _for_, _by_, _from_, _in_, etc., which
define the relationship between words, are called /prepositions\.]

Latin, too, makes frequent use of such prepositions; but often it
expresses these relations without them by means of case forms which
English does not possess. One of the cases found in the Latin declension
and lacking in English is called the _dative_.

_42._ When the nominative singular ends in -a, the dative singular
ends in -ae and the dative plural in -i:s.

NOTE. Observe that the _genitive singular_, the _dative singular_, and
the _nominative plural_ all have the same ending, -ae; but the uses of
the three cases are entirely different. The general meaning of the
sentence usually makes clear which case is intended.

_a._ Form the dative singular and plural of the following nouns:
/fuga\, /causa\, /fortuna\, /terra\, /aqua\, /puella\, /agricola\,
/nauta\, /domina\.

_43._ The Dative Relation. The dative case is used to express the
relations conveyed in English by the prepositions _to_, _towards_,
_for_.

These prepositions are often used in English in expressions of motion,
such as _She went to town_, _He ran towards the horse_, _Columbus sailed
for America_. In such cases the dative is not used in Latin, as _motion
through space_ is foreign to the dative relation. But the dative is used
to denote that _to_ or _towards which_ a benefit, injury, purpose,
feeling, or quality is directed, or that _for which_ something serves or
exists.

_a._ What dative relations do you discover in the following?

The teacher gave a prize to John because he replied so promptly to all
her questions--a good example for the rest of us. It is a pleasure to us
to hear him recite. Latin is easy for him, but it is very hard for me.
Some are fitted for one thing and others for another.

_44._ The Indirect Object. Examine the sentence

Nauta fugam nuntiat,
_the sailor announces the flight_

Here the verb, /nuntiat\, governs the direct object, /fugam\, in the
accusative case. If, however, we wish to mention the persons /to whom\
the sailor announces the flight, as, _The sail