e vanquished race
contributed to transform the descendants of the victors.

FOOTNOTES:

[153]

Thus com lo Engelond | in to Normandies hond;
And the Normans ne couthe speke tho | bot hor owe speche,
And speke French as hii dude atom | and hor children dude also teche,
So that heiemen of this lond | that of hor blod come
Holdeth alle thulke speche | that hii of hom nome;
Vor bote a man conne Frenss | me telth of him lute,
Ac lowe men holdeth to engliss | and to hor owe speche yute.
Ich wene ther ne beth in al the world | contreyes none
That ne holdeth to hor owe speche | bote Engelonde one.

W. A. Wright, "Metrical Chronicle of Robert of Gloucester" (Rolls),
1887, vol. ii. p. 543. Concerning Robert, see below, p. 122.

[154] Letter of the year 1209, by which Gerald sends to King John the
second edition of his "Expugnatio Hiberniae"; in "Giraldi Cambrensis
Opera" (Rolls), vol. v. p. 410. Further on he speaks of French as of
"communi idiomate."

[155] "La parleure est plus delitable et plus commune a toutes gens."
"Li livres dou Tresor," thirteenth century (a sort of philosophical,
historical, scientific, &c., cyclopaedia), ed. Chabaille, Paris,
"Documents inedits," 1863, 4to. Dante cherished "the dear and sweet
fatherly image" of his master, Brunetto, who recommended to the poet his
"Tresor," for, he said, "in this book I still live." "Inferno," canto
xv.

[156] For the laws, see the "Statutes of the Realm," 1819-28, Record
Commission, 11 vols, fol.; for the accounts of the sittings of
Parliament, "Rotuli Parliamentorum," London, 1767-77, 6 vols. fol.; for
the accounts of lawsuits, the "Year Books," ed. Horwood, Rolls, 1863 ff.

[157] Author of a "Chronique de la guerre entre les Anglois et les
Escossois," 1173-74, in French verse, ed. R. Howlett: "Chronicles of the
reigns of Stephen, Henry II., and Richard I." (Rolls), 1884 ff., vol.
iii. p. 203.

[158] See below, pp. 122, 123, 130, 214.

[159] Example: "Romanz de un chivaler e de sa dame e de un clerk,"
written in French by an Englishman in the thirteenth century, ed. Paul
Meyer, "Romania," vol. i. p. 70. It is an adaptation of the well-known
_fabliau_ of the "Bourgeoise d'Orleans" (in Montaiglon and Raynaud,
"Recueil general des Fabliaux," 1872, vol. i. p. 117). See below, p.
225.

[160] "Croniques de London ... jusqu'a l'an 17 Ed. III.," ed. Aungier
Camden Society, 1844, 4to.

[161] "Image du Monde," thirteenth cen