ten done by using a special tool having a point like a flat drill.
This tool is clamped in the toolpost with the point at the same height
as the lathe centers. It is then fed against the center of the work and
a conical center is turned. If the drill were not given this true
starting point, it probably would enter the work more or less off
center. Drills can also be started without turning a center by bringing
the square end or butt of a tool-shank held in the toolpost in contact
with the drill near the cutting end. If the point starts off center,
thus causing the drill to wobble, the stationary tool-shank will
gradually force or bump it over to the center.

[Illustration: Fig. 41. Flat Drill and Holder]

Small holes are often finished in the lathe by drilling and reaming
without the use of a boring tool. The form of drill that is used quite
extensively for drilling cored holes in castings is shown in Fig. 41, at
_A_. This drill is flat and the right end has a large center hole for
receiving the center of the tailstock. To prevent the drill from
turning, a holder _B_, having a slot _s_ in its end through which the
drill passes, is clamped in the toolpost, as at _C_. This slot should be
set central with the lathe centers, and the drill, when being started,
should be held tightly in the slot by turning or twisting it with a
wrench as indicated in the end view at _D_; this steadies the drill and
causes it to start fairly true even though the cored hole runs out
considerably.

Another style of tool for enlarging cored holes is shown in Fig. 42, at
_A_. This is a rose chucking reamer, having beveled cutting edges on the
end and a cylindrical body, which fits closely in the reamed hole, thus
supporting and guiding the cutting end. The reamer shown at _B_ is a
fluted type with cutting edges that extend from _a_ to _b_; it is used
for finishing holes and the drill or rose reamer preceding it should
leave the hole very close to the required size. These reamers are held
while in use in a socket inserted in the tailstock spindle, as when
using a twist drill.

[Illustration: Fig. 42. Rose and Fluted Reamers]

=Holding Work on Faceplate.=--Some castings or forgings are so shaped
that they cannot be held in a chuck very well, or perhaps not at all,
and work of this kind is often clamped to a faceplate which is usually
larger than the faceplate used for driving parts that are turned between
the centers. An example of faceplate wo