--Floating Reamer
Holders--Multiple Cylinder Boring Machine 242-274

CHAPTER VII

HORIZONTAL BORING MACHINES

Horizontal Boring Machine with Vertical Table
Adjustment--Drilling and Boring--Cutters Used--Cutter-heads
for Boring Large Holes--Cylinder Boring--Boring a Duplex
Gasoline Engine Cylinder--Examples of Boring, Radial Facing
and Milling--Fixture for Cylinder Lining or
Bushing--Horizontal Boring Machine of Floor Type 275-297

INDEX 299-307

TURNING AND BORING

CHAPTER I

THE ENGINE LATHE--TURNING AND BORING OPERATIONS

The standard "engine" lathe, which is the type commonly used by
machinists for doing general work, is one of the most important tools in
a machine shop, because it is adapted to a great variety of operations,
such as turning all sorts of cylindrical and taper parts, boring holes,
cutting threads, etc. The illustration Fig. 1 shows a lathe which, in
many respects, represents a typical design, and while some of the parts
are arranged differently on other makes, the general construction is
practically the same as on the machine illustrated.

The principal parts are the bed _B_, the headstock _H_, the tailstock
_T_, and the carriage _C_. The headstock contains a spindle which is
rotated by a belt that passes over the cone-pulley _P_, and this spindle
rotates the work, which is usually held between pointed or conical
centers _h_ and _h_{1}_ in the headstock and tailstock, or in a chuck
screwed onto the spindle instead of the faceplate _F_. The carriage _C_
can be moved lengthwise along the bed by turning handle _d_, and it can
also be moved by power, the movement being transmitted from the
headstock spindle either through gears _a_, _b_, _c_, and lead-screw
_S_, or by a belt operating on pulleys _p_ and _p_{1}_, which drive the
feed-rod _R_. The lead-screw _S_ is used when cutting threads, and the
feed-rod _R_ for ordinary turning operations; in this way the wear on
the lead-screw is reduced and its accuracy is preserved.

[Illustration: Fig. 1. Bradford Belt-driven Lathe--View of Front or
Operating Side]

On the carriage, there is a cross-slide _D_ which can be moved at right
angles to the lathe bed by handle _e_, and on _D_ there is an upper or
compound slide _E_ which can be swiveled to different positions. The
tool _t_, that does the turning, is clamped to the uppe