oblem, and
also because it suggests an effective way to stimulate relevant
discussion and to discourage the long speeches that spoil many
conferences.

This conference led to the formation of a milk committee under the
auspices of the association founded by Hartley. Business men,
children's specialists, journalists, clergymen, consented to serve
because they realized the need for a continuing public interest and a
persisting watchfulness. Such committees are needed in other cities and
in states, either as independent committees or as subcommittees of
general organizations, such as women's clubs, sanitary leagues, county
and state medical societies. Teachers' associations might well be
added, especially for rural and suburban districts where they are more
apt than any other organized body to see the evils that result from
unclean milk. The New York Milk Committee set a good example in paying
a secretary to give his entire time to its educational programme,--a
paid secretary can keep more volunteers and consultants busy than could
a dozen volunteers giving "what time they can spare." Thanks chiefly to
the conference and the Milk Committee's work, several important results
have been effected. The general public has realized as never before
that two indispensable adjectives belong to safe milk,--_clean_ and
_cool_. Additional inspectors have been sent to country dairies;
refrigeration, cans, and milk have been inspected upon arrival at
night; score cards have been introduced, thanks to the convincing
explanations of their effectiveness by the representatives of the
Bureau of Animal Industry of the national Department of Agriculture;
8640 milch cows were inspected by veterinary practitioners (1905-1907),
to learn the prevalence of bovine tuberculosis (of these thirty-six per
cent reacted to the tuberculin test); state societies and state
departments have been aroused to demand an efficient live-stock
sanitary board; magistrates have fined and imprisoned offenders against
the milk laws, where formerly they "warned"; popular illustrated milk
lectures were added to the public school courses; illustrated cards
were distributed by the thousand, telling how to keep the baby well;
finally, private educational and relief societies, dispensaries,
settlements, have been increasingly active in teaching mothers at home
how to prepare baby's milk. In 1908 a Conference on Summer Care of
Babies was organized representing the departments o