ch no attention whatever had been paid!

The voter, nonvoter, appointing officer, legislative officer, and
judicial officer determine the character and purpose of machinery and
are analogous to the surveyors, stock-holders, directors, and
constructors who provide railroads with tracks and with running stock.
The actual running force of health department or railroad is what is
meant by its official machinery. What this machinery should be depends,
of course, upon the amount of business to be done, and differs with
the size of the district and the character of population to be served.

[Illustration: FOR PUSH-CART FOOD, INSPECTION IS PARTICULARLY
NEEDFUL]

Local health machinery should guarantee protection against the evils
mentioned in preceding chapters. In general, one man is better than
three to execute, although three may be better than one to legislate.
Where small communities do not wish to have the entire state sanitary
code rigidly administered, they can adopt New York's method of a
legislative board of three members, headed by an executive, whose
business it is to act, not talk; to watch subordinates, and to enforce
rigidly and continuously ordinances passed by the board. The National
Bureau of Census places under the general heading Health and Sanitation
the following activities: health administration, street cleaning and
refuse disposal, sewers and sewage disposal. Sanitarians generally
emphasize also the health significance of efficient water service.

A community's health programme should be clearly outlined in the annual
budget. Where health work is given funds without specification of the
kinds of work to be done, serious evils may be overlooked and lesser
evils permitted to monopolize the energies of health officers. Again,
after money has been voted to prevent an evil, records should be made
of work done when done, and of money spent when spent, so that any
diversion will be promptly made known. The best present guides to
budget making, to educational health reports, and to records that show
efficiency or inefficiency of health administrators are the budget and
report of the department of health for New York City, and the story of
their evolution told in _Making a Municipal Budget_, by the Bureau of
Municipal Research.

To find out whether local machinery is adequate, the reader must
enumerate the things that need to be done in his community, remembering
that in all parts of the United State