ults of their scoring of dairies and milk shops in the papers,
as has been done in Montclair. We can tell our health officers that the
best results in fighting infant mortality are at Rochester, which city,
winter and summer, by inspection, correspondence, and punishment,
educates farmers and dealers in cleanliness, not only censuring when
dirty or careless, but explaining how to make more money by being
clean. Finally, mothers can be taught at home how to cleanse the
bottles, the nipples, all milk receptacles, and all things in rooms
where milk is kept. Absolutely clean milk of proper temperature _at the
shop_ may not safely be given to a baby in a dirty bottle. Infant milk
depots, pasteurization, the best medical and hospital care, breast
feeding itself, cannot prevent high baby mortality if mothers are not
clean. The most effective volunteer effort for pure milk is that which
first makes the health machinery do its part and then teaches, teaches,
teaches mothers and all who have to do with babies.

[Illustration: NEITHER PASTEURIZATION NOR INSPECTION CAN MAKE IT
SAFE TO SELL "DIP MILK" UNDER SUCH UNCLEAN CONDITIONS]

"Clean air, clean babies, clean milk," has been the slogan of Junior
Sea Breeze,--a school for mothers right in the heart of New York's
upper East Side. In the summer of 1907 twenty nurses went from house to
house telling 102,000 mothers how to keep the baby well. This was the
only district that had fewer baby deaths than for 1906. Had other parts
of the city shown the same gain, there would have been a saving of 1100
babies. The following winter a similar work was conducted by nurses
from the recently founded Caroline Rest, which has an educational fund
for instruction of mothers in the care of babies, especially babies not
yet born and just born. Heretofore the baby has been expected to cry
and to have summer complaint before anybody worried about the treatment
it received. If the baby lived through its second summer, it was
considered great good fortune. Junior Sea Breeze and Caroline Rest
start their educational work before the baby is sick, in fact, before
it is born. Their results have been so notable that several well-to-do
mothers declare that they wish they too might have a school.
Dispensaries and diet kitchens and more particularly maternity wards of
hospitals, family physicians, nurses, and midwives, should be required
to know how to teach mothers to feed babies regularly, the right