tested by
benign germs fighting for supremacy. While it is admitted that raw milk
produced under ideal conditions may become infected by some person
ignorant of his condition, and before detection may cause typhoid,
scarlet fever, or consumption, it has not been proved that such
instances are frequent or that the aggregate of harm done equals that
which pasteurized milk may do. Pasteurization does not remove chemical
impurities; boiling dirt does not render it harmless. The remedy for
germ-infected milk is to keep germs out of milk. The remedy for unclean
milk is cleanliness of cow, cow barn, cowyard, milker, milk can,
creamery, milk shop, bottle, nipple. If the sale of unclean milk is
prevented, farmers will, as a matter of course, supply clean milk. By
teaching farmers and milk retailers the economic advantages of
cleanliness they will cultivate habits that guarantee a clean milk
supply. By punishing railroads and milk companies that transport milk
at a temperature which encourages germ growth, and by dumping in the
gutter milk that is offered for sale above 50 degrees, the
refrigerating of milk will be made the rule. Purging magistrates'
courts of their leniency toward dealers in impure, dangerous milk is
better than purging milk of germs. Boiling milk receptacles will save
more babies than boiling milk. Teaching mothers about the care of
babies will bring better results than giving them a false sense of
safety, because only one of many dangers has been removed by
pasteurization. Educating consumers to demand clean milk and to
support aggressive work by health departments leaves fewer evils
unchecked than covering up uncleanliness by pasteurization.

[Illustration: NEW YORK MILK COMMITTEE'S GRAPHIC METHOD OF
SHOWING BABIES' PROGRESS]

[Illustration: PRODUCING WINTER CONDITIONS IN MIDSUMMER BY
PROPER REFRIGERATION FOR MILK IN FREIGHT CARS]

When doctors disagree what are we laymen to do? We can take an
intelligent interest in the inquiries that are now being made by city,
state, and national governments. Because everybody believes that clean
milk is safer than unclean milk, that milk at 50 degrees will not breed
harmful germs, we can demand milk inspection that will tell our health
officers and ourselves which dealers sell only clean milk at 50 degrees
and never more than 60 degrees, that never shows over 100,000 colonies
to the cubic centimeter. We can get our health departments to publish
the res