oyees once realized that by uniting
they could, as citizens, enforce health rights in the factory.

The hygiene of the workshop is not the same problem as the hygiene of
the home and schoolhouse, because there are by-products of factory work
that contaminate the air, overheat the room, and complicate the
ordinary problems of ventilation. Certain trades are recognized as
"dangerous trades." The problem of adequate government control of
factories is one for a sanitary engineer. It has to do with
disease-bearing raw material that comes to a factory, disease-producing
processes of manufacture. There is need for revision of the
dangerous-trade list. Many of the industries not so classed should be;
many of the so-called dangerous trades can be made comparatively
harmless by devices for exhausting harmful by-products. Industrial
diseases should be made "notifiable," so that they can be controlled by
the factory or health department. It is those trades that are dangerous
because of remediable unsanitary and unhygienic conditions which demand
the employer's attention. Complaints should be made by individuals when
carelessness or danger becomes commonplace.

The manner in which many organizations have tried to better working
conditions is similar to the manner in which Europeans are trying to
help defective school children. Here, as there, is the difference
between _doing things_ and _getting things done_. Here more than there
is the tendency to exaggerate legislation and to neglect enforcement of
law. Instead of harnessing the whole army of workingmen to the crusade
and strengthening civic agencies such as factory, health, and tenement
departments, houses are built and given to men, clubs are formed to
amuse factory girls, amateur theatricals are organized. All this is
called "welfare work." "What is welfare work?" reads the pamphlet of a
large national association. "It is especial consideration on the part
of the employer for the welfare of his employees." In the words of this
pamphlet, the aim of this association "is to organize the best brains
of the nation in an educational movement toward the solution of some of
the great problems related to social and industrial progress." The
membership is drawn from "practical men of affairs, whose acknowledged
leadership in thought and business makes them typical representatives
of business elements that voluntarily work together for the general
good." As defined by this organization,