al's method of living, each one
of us has a strong reason for imposing habits of health upon all
industries, upon employees and operatives, upon all who are a part of
industrial efficiency. When these eight relations are seen, parents and
teachers have particularly strong reasons for inculcating habits of
health in their children.

That industrial inefficiency results from chronic habits of unhealthy
living is generally recognized. The alcoholic furnishes the most vivid
illustration. The penalties suffered by him and his family are grave
enough, but because he has not full possession of his faculties he is
unpunctual, wastes material, disobeys instructions, endangers others'
lives, decreases the product of his trade and of his employer, lessens
the profits of both, depresses wages, increases insurance and business
risks. Because no one can foresee when the "drop too much" will be
taken, industry finds it important to know that the habit of drinking
alcoholics moderately has not been acquired by train dispatcher,
engineer, switchman, chauffeur. Because the habit of drinking
moderately is apt, among lower incomes, to go hand in hand with other
habits injurious to business and fatal to integrity, positions of trust
in industry seek men and women who have the habit of declining drink.

In the aggregate, milder forms of unhealthy living interfere with
industrial efficiency even more than alcoholism. Many capable men and
women, even those who have had thorough technical training, fail to win
promotion because their persons are not clean, their breath offensive,
their clothes suggestive of disorderly, uncleanly habits. Persons of
extraordinary capacity not infrequently achieve only mediocre results
because they fail to cultivate habits of cleanliness and health. An
employer can easily protect his business from loss due to alcoholism
among his own employees; but loss through employees' constipation,
headache, bad ventilation at home, irregular meals, improper diet, too
many night parties, nicotinism, personal uncleanliness, is loss much
harder to anticipate and avoid. Because evil results are less vivid, it
is also hard to convince a clerk that intemperance in eating, sleeping,
and playing will interfere with his earning capacity and his enjoyment
capacity quite as surely as intemperance in the use of alcohol and
nicotine. Where employees are paid by the piece, instead of by the
hour, day, or week, the employer partially prote