anything back of your statement, any late growing, or something of that
sort?

MR. LITTLEPAGE: Well, they didn't grow any later than the Potomac grew,
but that tree was top-worked about five or six feet above the ground and
I think that makes them hardier.

A MEMBER: Were the winter-killed trees cultivated late?

MR. LITTLEPAGE: Yes; and fertilized heavily.

THE PRESIDENT: Haven't you answered your own question?

MR. LITTLEPAGE: Well, I won't grow trees if they do not grow better than
that.

MR. MCCOY: Mr. Littlepage may think he has answered this question, and
these other gentlemen may think they have answered it in a different
way, but there are some rather peculiar phenomena there. I don't
question the sincerity of these gentlemen, but I don't think they have
answered the question. Whenever you transplant these trees and whenever
you get to growing them in big quantities, you will have certain
peculiar phenomena that you are not certain at first as to just what is
the cause. Mr. White is just as near right when he says they kill in
July as Mr. Littlepage when he says they winter-kill in December. And I
will just say to people who buy walnut trees from our firm that when
they transplant them under the same conditions as Mr. Littlepage, they
may expect similar results.

MR. LITTLEPAGE: I have never seen a northern pecan winter-kill.

MR. MCCOY: Oh, I have.

MR. MCMURRAN: Mr. President, this term "winter-killing" is a little bit
misleading, and it has been a matter of discussion in the National Nut
Growers' Association for several years and a great loss to many Southern
pecan growers. A very common statement that one hears down there is
"Why, our trees don't winter-kill. We don't have cold severe enough to
kill them." But they do. It isn't a question of severity of cold, but
suddenness of change. For instance, in southern Georgia one year, we had
a rainy period in October; about November 20th there was a hard freeze.
A number of orchards which had been fertilized late in the fall were
almost wiped out. If it were not due to the fact that the term is too
long, and we could say "damage due to sudden temperature change," it
would convey the idea exactly. I saw trees injured in the fall of 1914
that didn't die until September of the following year, and I have a
number of photographs in my office.

DR. STABLER: I believe, Mr. President, that the stimulation of growth
late in the season has a great deal to do with