are at
the Beginning of the Eighteenth Century 3

II
Progress of Naval Warfare during the Eighteenth
Century
Hawke: The Spirit 77

III
Progress of Naval Warfare during the Eighteenth
Century (_Continued_)
Rodney: The Form 148

IV
Howe: The General Officer, as Tactician 254

V
Jervis: The General Officer, as Disciplinarian and
Strategist 320

VI
Saumarez: The Fleet Officer and Division Commander 382

VII
Pellew: The Frigate Captain and Partisan Officer 428

* * * * *

Index 479

ILLUSTRATIONS

Edward, Lord Hawke _Frontispiece_
From an engraving by W. Holl, after the painting by Francis Cotes
in the Naval Gallery at Greenwich Hospital.

PAGE
Plan of Byng's Action off Minorca, May 20, 1756 48

George Brydges, Lord Rodney 148
From an engraving by Edward Finden, after the painting by W.
Grimaldi.

Richard, Earl Howe 254
From a mezzotint engraving by R. Dunkarton, after the painting
by John Singleton Copley.

John Jervis, Earl St. Vincent 320
From an engraving by J. Cook, after the painting by Sir William
Beechey.

James, Lord De Saumarez 382
From an engraving by W. Greatbatch, after a miniature in possession
of the family.

Edward Pellew, Lord Exmouth 428
From the original painting in the possession of Orr Ewing, Esq.

TYPES OF NAVAL OFFICERS

INTRODUCTORY

NAVAL WARFARE AT THE BEGINNING OF THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY

The recent close of the nineteenth century has familiarized us with the
thought that such an epoch tends naturally to provoke an estimate of the
advance made in the various spheres of human activity during the period
which it terminates. Such a reckoning, however, is not a mere matter of
more and less, of comparison between the beginning and the end,
regardless of intermediate circumstances. The question involved is one
of an historical process, of cause and effect; of an evolution, probably
marked, as such series of events commonly are, by certai