S, PEARS AND CHERRIES
_FICUM RECENTEM, MALA, PRUNA, PIRA, CERASIA UT DIU SERVES_

SELECT THEM ALL VERY CAREFULLY WITH THE STEMS ON [1] AND PLACE THEM IN
HONEY SO THEY DO NOT TOUCH EACH OTHER.

[1] See the preceding formula.

[23] TO KEEP CITRON
_CITRIA UT DIU DURENT_ [1]

PLACE THEM IN A GLASS [2] VESSEL WHICH IS SEALED WITH PLASTER AND
SUSPENDED.

[1] Tor. _conditura malorum Medicorum quae et citria
dicuntur_. V. Not quite identified. Fruit coming from
Asia Minor, Media or Persia, one of the many varieties
of citrus fruit. Probably citron because of their size.
Goll. Lemon-apples; Dann. lemons (oranges). List.
_Scilicet mala, quae Dioscorides Persica quoque & Medica,
& citromala, Plinius item Assyria appellari dicit_.

[2] G.-V. _vas vitreum_; Tac. and Tor. _vas citrum_; V.
a glass vessel could not be successfully sealed with
plaster paris, and the experiment would fail; cf. note 3
to No. 21.

[24] TO KEEP MULBERRIES
_MORA UT DIU DURENT_

MULBERRIES, IN ORDER TO KEEP THEM, MUST BE LAID INTO THEIR OWN JUICE
MIXED WITH NEW WINE [boiled down to one half] IN A GLASS VESSEL AND
MUST BE WATCHED ALL THE TIME [so that they do not spoil].

V. This and the foregoing formulae illustrate the
ancients' attempts at preserving foods, and they betray
their ignorance of "processing" by heating them in
hermetically sealed vessels, the principle of which was
not discovered until 1810 by Appert which started the
now gigantic industry of canning.

[25] TO KEEP POT HERBS
[_H_]_OLERA UT DIU SERVENTUR_

PLACE SELECTED POT HERBS, NOT TOO MATURE, IN A PITCHED VESSEL.

[26] TO PRESERVE SORREL OR SOUR DOCK
_LAPAE _[1]_ UT DIU SERVENTUR_

TRIM AND CLEAN [the vegetable] PLACE THEM TOGETHER SPRINKLE MYRTLE
BERRIES BETWEEN, COVER WITH HONEY AND VINEGAR.

ANOTHER WAY: PREPARE MUSTARD HONEY AND VINEGAR ALSO SALT AND COVER
THEM WITH THE SAME.

[1] The kind of vegetable to be treated here has not
been sufficiently identified. List. and G.-V.
_rapae_--turnips--from _rapus_, seldom _rapa_,--a rape,
turnip, navew. Tac. and Tor. _Lapae_ (_lapathum_), kind
of sorrel, monk's rhubarb, dock. Tor. explaining at
length: _conditura Rumicis quod lapathon Graeci, Latini
Lapam quoque dicunt_.

V. Tor. is correct, or nearly so. Turnips, in the first
place, are not in need of any special method of
preservation