FREE BOOKS

Author's List




PREV.   NEXT  
|<   147   148   149   150   151   152   153   154   155   156   157   158   159   160   161   162   163   164   165   166   167   168   169   170   171  
172   173   174   175   176   177   178   179   180   181   182   183   184   185   186   187   188   189   190   191   192   193   194   195   196   >>   >|  
ou do?" "Do? Do what?" "I mean, how do you feel?" "How do I feel? With my fingers, of course; but I can see very well." "No, no; I mean, how do you find yourself?" "Then why did you not say so? I never exactly noticed, but I will tell you next time I lose myself." (3) _Illicit conjunction_ ([Greek: synthesis]). Socrates is good. Socrates is a musician. Therefore Socrates is a good musician. (4) _Illicit disjunction_ ([Greek: diairesis]). Socrates is a good musician. Therefore he is a good man. (5) _Ambiguity of pronunciation_ ([Greek: prosodia], _fallacia accentus_). Analogies to words that differ only in accent, such as [Greek: ou-with accents {psili and persipomeni}] and [Greek: ou-with accents {psili and oxia}], may be found in differences of pronunciation. "Hair very thick, sir," said a barber to a customer, whose hair was bushy, but beginning to turn grey. "Yes, I daresay. But I would rather have it thick than thin." "Ah, too thick to-day, sir." "But I don't want to dye it." "Excuse me, sir, I mean the hair of the hatmosphere, t-o-d-a-y, to-day." "He said, saddle me the ass. And they saddled _him_." (6) _Ambiguity of inflexion_ ([Greek: schema tes lexeos], _Figura dictionis_). This is not easy to make intelligible in English. The idea is that a termination may be ambiguously interpreted, a neuter participle, _e.g._, taken for an active. Thus: "George is ailing". "Doing what, did you say? Ailing? What is he ailing? Ginger-aleing?" Non-Verbal Fallacies, or Fallacies in thought, are a more important division. Aristotle distinguishes seven. Of these, three are comparatively unimportant and trifling. One of them, known to the Schoolmen as _Fallacia Plurium Interrogationum_, was peculiar to Interrogative disputation. It is the trick of putting more than one question as one, so that a simple Yes commits the respondent to something implied. "Have you left off beating your father?" If you answer Yes, that implies that you have been in the habit of beating him. "Has the practice of excessive drinking ceased in your part of the country?" Such questions were unfair when the Respondent could answer only Yes or No. The modern disputant who demands a plain answer Yes or No, is sometimes guilty of this trick. Two others, the fallacies known as _A dicto simpliciter ad dictum secundum quid_, and _A dicto secundum quid ad dictum simpliciter_, are as common in modern dialectic as they were in ancient. The tr
PREV.   NEXT  
|<   147   148   149   150   151   152   153   154   155   156   157   158   159   160   161   162   163   164   165   166   167   168   169   170   171  
172   173   174   175   176   177   178   179   180   181   182   183   184   185   186   187   188   189   190   191   192   193   194   195   196   >>   >|  



Top keywords:

Socrates

 

answer

 

musician

 
pronunciation
 
ailing
 

Fallacies

 

beating

 
Ambiguity
 

accents

 

Illicit


secundum

 

modern

 

Therefore

 
dictum
 

simpliciter

 

trifling

 

common

 
Schoolmen
 

Plurium

 
peculiar

Fallacia

 
Interrogative
 

Interrogationum

 

Verbal

 
thought
 

aleing

 

Ginger

 

George

 

Ailing

 

ancient


important

 

comparatively

 

dialectic

 

disputation

 
division
 

Aristotle

 
distinguishes
 
unimportant
 
fallacies
 

Respondent


disputant

 

implies

 

questions

 
country
 

ceased

 

drinking

 

unfair

 
practice
 

excessive

 
demands