ds of correct inference from the facts, the methods of
science that he was in search of, are another.

Let us emphasise this view of Deduction as the interpretation of a
memorandum. It corresponds exactly with the view that I have taken
in discussing the utility of the Syllogism. Suppose we want to know
whether a particular conclusion is consistent with our memorandum,
what have we to look to? We have to put our memorandum into such
a form that it is at once apparent whether or not it covers our
particular case. The Syllogism aspires to be such a form. That is
the end and aim of it. It does not enable us to judge whether the
memorandum is a legitimate memorandum or not. It only makes clear that
if the memorandum is legitimate, so is the conclusion. How to
make clear and consistent memoranda of our beliefs in words is a
sufficiently complete description of the main purpose of Deductive
Logic.

Instead, then, of trying to present Deduction and Induction as parts
of the same process, which he was led to do by his desire to connect
the new and the old, Mill ought rather, in consistency as well as
in the interests of clear system, to have drawn a line of separation
between the two as having really different ends, the conditions of
correct conclusion from accepted generalities on the one hand, and the
conditions of correct inference from facts on the other. Whether the
first should be called inference at all is a question of naming that
ought to have been considered by itself. We may refuse to call it
inference, but we only confuse ourselves and others if we do not
acknowledge that in so doing we are breaking with traditional usage.
Perhaps the best way in the interests of clearness is to compromise
with tradition by calling the one Formal Inference and the other
Material Inference.

It is with the latter that the Physical Sciences are mainly concerned,
and it was the conditions and methods of its correct performance that
Mill desired to systematise in his Inductive Logic. We have next
to see how his statement of the grounds of Material Inference was
affected by his connexion of Deduction and Induction. Here also
we shall find a reason for a clearer separation between the two
departments of Logic.

In his antagonism to a supposed doctrine that all reasoning is
from general to particular, Mill maintained _simpliciter_ that all
reasoning is from particulars to particulars. Now this is true only
_secundum quid_, and althou