. [Hebrew: CH] [Eta].
9. [Hebrew: T`] [Theta].
10. [Hebrew: Y] [Iota].
11. [Hebrew: K] [Kappa].
12. [Hebrew: L] [Lambda].
13. [Hebrew: M] [Mu].
14. [Hebrew: N] [Nu].
15. [Hebrew: S] [Sigma]?
16. [Hebrew: `] [Omicron].
17. [Hebrew: P] [Pi].
18. [Hebrew: TS] --
A letter called
19. [Hebrew: Q] koppa, afterwards
ejected.
20. [Hebrew: R] [Rho].
21. [Hebrew: SH] M afterwards [Sigma]?
22. [Hebrew: T] [Tau].

The _names_ of the letters were as follows:

_Hebrew._ _Greek._

1. Aleph Alpha.
2. Beth Baeta.
3. Gimel Gamma.
4. Daleth Delta.
5. He E, _psilon._
6. Vaw _Digamma._
7. Zayn Zaeta.
8. Heth Haeta.
9. Teth Thaeta.
10. Yod I[^o]ta.
11. Kaph Kappa.
12. Lamed Lambda.
13. Mem Mu.
14. Nun Nu.
15. Samech Sigma?
16. Ayn O.
17. Pe Pi.
18. Tsadi ----
19. Kof Koppa, _Archaic_.
20. Resh Rho.
21. Sin San, _Doric_.
22. Tau Tau.

The alphabet of Phoenicia and Palestine being adapted to the language of
Greece, the first change took place in the manner of writing. The
Phoenicians wrote from right to left; the Greeks from left to right.
Besides this, the following principles were recognised;--

a. Letters for which there was no use were left behind. This was the case,
as seen above, with the eighteenth letter, _tsadi_.

b. Letters expressive of sounds for which there was no precise equivalent
in Greek, were used with other powers. This was the case with letters 5, 8,
16, and probably with some others.

c. Letters of which the original sound, in the course of time, became
changed, were allowed, as it were, to drop out of the alphabet. This was
the case with 6 and 19.

d. For such simple single elementary articulate sounds as there was no sign
or letter representant, new signs, or letters, were invented. This
principle gave to the Greek alphabet the new signs [phi], [chi], [upsilon],
[omega].

e. The new signs were not mere modifications of the older ones, but totally
new letters.

All this was correct in principle; and the consequence is, that the