might not appear_, &c. This is collected from the context. Here there is a
_logical_ accent. "When one word in a sentence is distinguished by a
stress, as more important than the rest, we may say that it is
_emphatical_, or that an _emphasis_ is laid upon it. When one syllable in a
word is distinguished by a stress, and more audible than the rest, we say
that it is accented, or that an accent is put upon it. Accent, therefore,
is to syllables what emphasis is to sentences; it distinguishes one from
the crowd, and brings it forward to observation."--Nares' "Orthoepy," part
ii. chap. 1.

* * * * *

CHAPTER VIII.

ORTHOGRAPHY.

s. 142. _Orthoepy_, a word derived from the Greek _orthon_ (_upright_), and
_epos_ (_a word_), signifies the right utterance of words. Orthoepy
determines words, and deals with a language as it is _spoken_;
_orthography_ determines the correct spelling of words, and deals with a
language as it is _written_. This latter term is derived from the Greek
words _orthos_ (_upright_), and _graph['e]_, or _grafae_ (_writing_).
Orthography is less essential to language than orthoepy; since all
languages are spoken, whilst but a few languages are written. Orthography
presupposes orthoepy. Orthography addresses itself to the eye, orthoepy to
the ear. Orthoepy deals with the articulate sounds that constitute
syllables and words; orthography treats of the signs by which such
articulate sounds are expressed in writing. A _letter_ is the sign of an
articulate (and, in the case of h, of an inarticulate) sound.

s. 143. A full and perfect system of orthography consists in two
things:--1. The possession of a sufficient and consistent alphabet. 2. The
right application of such an alphabet. This position may be illustrated
more fully.

s. 144. First, in respect to a sufficient and consistent alphabet--Let
there be in a certain language, simple single articulate sounds, to the
number of forty, whilst the simple single signs, or letters, expressive of
them, amount to no more than _thirty_. In this case the alphabet is
insufficient. It is not full enough: since ten of the simple single
articulate sounds have no corresponding signs whereby they may be
expressed. In our own language, the sounds (amongst others) of th in
_thin_, and of th in _thine_, are simple and single, whilst there is no
sign equally simple and single to spell them with.

s. 145. An alphabet, however, may be suffic