ee, as _tooth_, _teeth_.
o to i, as _top_, _tip_.
o to e, as _old_, _elder_; _tell_, _told_.
[)o] to e, as _brother_, _brethren_.
[=o] = oo to i, as _do_, _did_.
o = oo to o = [)u], as _do_, _done_.
oo to o, as _choose_, _chose_.

_Permutation of Consonants._

f to v, _life_, _live_; _calf_, _calves_.
th to dh, _breath_, _to breathe_.
th to d, _seethe_, _sod_; _clothe_, _clad_.
d to t, _build_, _built_.
s to z, _use_, _to use_.
s to r, _was_, _were_; _lose_, _forlorn_.

In _have_ and _had_ we have the _ejection_ of a sound; in _work_ and
_wrought_, the _transposition_ of one.

_Permutation of Combinations._

ie = i to ow, as _grind_, _ground_.
ow to i = ei, as _mouse_, _mice_;
_cow_, _kine_.
ink to augh, as _drink_, _draught_.
ing to ough, as _bring_, _brought_.
y (formerly g), to ough, as _buy_, _bought_.
igh = ei to ough, as _fight_, _fought_.
eek to ough, as _seek_, _sought_.

It must be noticed that the list above is far from being an exhaustive one.
The expression too of the changes undergone has been rendered difficult on
account of the imperfection of our orthography. The whole section has been
written in illustration of the meaning of the word _permutation_, rather
than for any specific object in grammar.

* * * * *

CHAPTER V.

ON THE FORMATION OF SYLLABLES.

s. 135. In respect to the formation of syllables, I am aware of no more
than one point that requires any especial consideration.

In certain words, of more than one syllable, it is difficult to say to
which syllable an intervening consonant belongs. For instance, does the v
in _river_, and the e in _fever_, belong to the first or the second
syllable? Are the words to be divided thus, _ri-ver_, _fe-ver_? or thus,
_riv-er_, _feve-r_?

The solution of the question lies by no means on the surface.

In the first place, the case is capable of being viewed in two points of
view--an etymological and a phonetic one.

That the c and r in _become_, _berhymed_, &c., belong to the second
syllable, we determine at once by taking the words to pieces; whereby we
get th