uits? Is it not merely from those which are
carried on by the strength of youth?_

5. Answers.

a. The answer YES is expressed by ita, etiam, vero, sane, or by
repetition of the verb; as,--

'visne locum mutemus?' 'sane'. _'Shall we change the place?'_
_'Certainly.'_

'estisne vos legati?' 'sumus.' _'Are you envoys?'_ _'Yes.'_

b. The answer NO is expressed by non, minime, minime vero, or by
repeating the verb with a negative; as,--

'jam ea praeteriit?' 'non.' _'Has it passed?'_ _'No.'_

'estne frater intus?' 'non est.' _'Is your brother within?'_ _'No.'_

SUBJECT AND PREDICATE.

163. The two essential parts of a sentence are the SUBJECT and PREDICATE.

The SUBJECT is that _concerning which something is said, asked, etc._ The
PREDICATE is that _which is said, asked, etc., concerning_ the SUBJECT.

SIMPLE AND COMPOUND SENTENCES.

164. Sentences containing but one Subject and one Predicate are called
SIMPLE SENTENCES, those containing more are called COMPOUND SENTENCES. Thus
puer libros legit, _the boy reads books_, is a Simple Sentence; but puer
libros legit et epistulas scribit, _the boy reads books and writes
letters_, is a Compound Sentence. The different members of a Compound
Sentence are called Clauses.

165. COOeRDINATE AND SUBORDINATE CLAUSES. Clauses which stand upon an
equality are called COOeRDINATE; a Clause dependent on another is called
SUBORDINATE. Thus in puer libros legit et epistulas scribit the two clauses
are Cooerdinate; but in puer libros legit quos pater scribit, _the boy reads
the books which his father writes_, the second clause is Subordinate to the
first.

* * * * *

CHAPTER II.--_Syntax of Nouns._

SUBJECT.

166. The Subject of a Finite Verb (i.e. any form of the Indicative,
Subjunctive, or Imperative) is in the Nominative Case.

1. The Subject may be--

a) A Noun or Pronoun; as,--

puer scribit, _the boy writes_;

hic scribit, _this man writes_.

b) An Infinitive; as,--

decorum est pro patria mori, _to die for one's county is a noble
thing_.

c) A Clause; as,--

opportune accidit quod vidisti, _it happened opportunely that you saw_.

2. A Personal Pronoun as Subject is usually implied in the Verb and is not
separately expressed; as,--

scribo, _I write_; videt, _he sees._

a. But for the purpose of emphasis or contrast the Pronoun is expressed;
as,--

e