is
construction.

2. To denote _the repeated occurrence_ of an act, ut, ubi, simul atque, _as
often as_, when following an historical tense, take the Pluperfect
Indicative (compare Sec. 288, 3; 302, 3); as,--

ut quisque Verris animum offenderat, in lautumias statim coniciebatur,
_whenever anybody had offended Verres's feelings, he was forthwith put
in the stone-quarry_;

hostes, ubi aliquos egredientes conspexerant, adoriebantur, _whenever
the enemy had seen any men disembarking, they attacked them_.

a. In Livy and succeeding historians the Imperfect and Pluperfect
Subjunctive are used to denote this repeated occurrence of an act
('Indefinite Frequency'); as,--

id ubi dixisset hastam mittebat, _whenever he had said that, he hurled
a spear_.

3. Occasionally the above conjunctions are followed by the Pluperfect
Indicative of a single occurrence. This is regularly the case with postquam
in expressions denoting a definite interval of time (days, months, years,
etc.), such as post tertium annum quam, triennio postquam. Thus:--

quinque post diebus quam Luca discesserat, ad Sardiniam venit _five
days after he had departed from Luca he came to Sardinia_;

postquam occupatae Syracusae erant, profectus est Carthaginem, _after
Syracuse had been seized, he set out for Carthage_.

4. The Imperfect Indicative also sometimes occurs, to denote _a continued
state;_ as,--

postquam Romam adventabant, senatus consultus est, _after they were on
the march toward Rome, the Senate was consulted_;

postquam structi utrimque stabant, _after they had been drawn up on
both sides and were in position_.

5. Rarely postquam, posteaquam, following the analogy of cum, take the
Subjunctive, but only in the historical tenses; as,--

posteaquam sumptuosa fieri funera coepissent, lege sublata sunt, _after
funerals had begun to be elaborate, they were done away with by law_.

Temporal Clauses introduced by _Cum_.

A. Cum REFERRING TO THE PAST.

288. 1. Cum, when referring to the past, takes,--

A. The Indicative (Imperfect, Historical Perfect, or Pluperfect) to denote
_the point of time at which_ something occurs.

B. The Subjunctive (Imperfect or Pluperfect) to denote _the situation or
circumstances under which_ something occurs.

Examples:--

INDICATIVE.

an tum eras consul, cum in Palatio mea domus ardebat, _or were you
consul at the tim