kes the Genitive. See Sec. 204, 1.

9. Under 'Means' belongs also the Ablative of the Way by Which; as,--

vinum Tiberi devectum, _wine brought down (by) the Tiber_.

10. The means may be a person as well as a thing. Thus:--

militibus a lacu Lemanno ad montem Juram murum perducit, _with_ (i.e.
by means of) _his troops he runs a wall from Lake Geneva to Mt. Jura_.

Ablative of Cause.

219. The Ablative is used to denote cause; as,--

multa gloriae cupiditate fecit, _he did many things on account of his
love of glory_.

1. So especially with verbs denoting mental states; as, delector, gaudeo,
laetor, glorior, fido, confido. Also with contentus; as,--

fortuna amici gaudeo, _I rejoice at the fortune of my friend (i.e. on
account of it_);

victoria sua gloriantur, _they exult over their victory_;

natura loci confidebant, _they trusted in the character of their
country_ (lit. _were confident on account of the character_).

a. fido and confido always take the Dative of the person (Sec. 187, II, a);
sometimes the Dative of the thing.

2. As Ablatives of Cause are to be reckoned also such Ablatives as jussu,
by order of, injussu, _without the order_, rogatu, etc.

Ablative of Manner.

220. The Ablative with cum is used to denote manner; as,--

cum gravitate loquitur, _he speaks with dignity_.

1. The preposition may be absent when the Ablative is modified by an
adjective; as,--

magna gravitate loquitur, _he speaks with great dignity_.

2. The preposition is regularly absent in the expressions jure, injuria,
joco, vi, fraude, voluntate, furto, silentio.

3. A special variety of the Ablative of Manner denotes that _in accordance
with which_ or _in pursuance of which_ anything is or is done. It is
generally used without a preposition. Thus:--

mea sententia, _according to my opinion_;

suis moribus, _in accordance with their custom_;

sua sponte, _voluntarily_, _of his (their) own accord_;

ea condicione, _on these terms_.

Ablative of Attendant Circumstance.

221. The Ablative is often used to denote an _attendant circumstance_ of an
action or an event; as,--

bonis auspiciis, _under good auspices_;

nulla est altercatio clamoribus umquam habita majoribus, _no debate was
ever held under circumstances of greater applause_;

exstinguitur ingenti luctu provinciae, _he dies under circumstances of
great grief o