formed from
Present Stems. They denote _the beginning of an action_; as,--

labasco, _begin to totter_ (from labo);
horresco, _grow rough_ (from horreo);
tremesco, _begin to tremble_ (from tremo);
obdormisco, _fall asleep_ (from dormio).

2. FREQUENTATIVES OR INTENSIVES. These denote _a repeated or energetic
action_. They are formed from the Participial Stem, and end in -to or -so.
Those derived from verbs of the First Conjugation end in -ito (not -ato, as
we should expect). Examples of Frequentatives are--

jacto, _toss about_, _brandish_ (from jacio,
_hurl_);
curso, _run hither and thither_ (from curro, _run_);
volito, _flit about_ (from volo, _fly_).

a. Some double Frequentatives occur; as,--

cantito, _sing over and over_ (canto);
cursito, _keep running about_ (curso);
ventito, _keep coming_.

b. agito, _set in motion_, is formed from the Present Stem.

3. DESIDERATIVES. These denote _a desire to do something_. They are formed
from the Participial Stem, and end in -urio; as,--

esurio, _desire to eat_, _am hungry_ (edo);
parturio, _want to bring forth_, _am in (pario).
labor_

2. Verbs derived from Nouns and Adjectives (Denominatives).

156. Denominatives of the First Conjugation are mostly transitive; those of
the Second exclusively intransitive. Those of the Third and Fourth
Conjugations are partly transitive, partly intransitive. Examples are--

a) From Nouns:--

fraudo, _defraud_ (fraus);
vestio, _clothe_ (vestis);
floreo, _bloom_ (flos).

b) From Adjectives:--

libero, _free_ (liber);
saevio, _be fierce_ (saevus).

* * * * *

D. ADVERBS.

157. 1. Adverbs derived from verbs are formed from the Participial Stem by
means of the suffix -im; as,--

certatim, _emulously_ (certo);
cursim, _in haste_ (curro);
statim, _immediately_ (sto).

2. Adverbs derived from nouns and adjectives are formed:--

a) With the suffixes -tim (-sim), -atim; as,--

gradatim, _step by step_;

paulatim, _gradually_;

viritim, _man by man_.

b) With the suffix -tus; as,--

antiquitus, _of old_;

radicitus, _from the roots_.

c) With the suffix -ter; as,--

breviter, _briefly_.

* *