1905 value, $2,197,960); malt liquors (1905 value,
$2,133,955); iron and steel; regalia and society emblems; steam-railway
cars, construction and repairing; and oleo-margarine. In 1905 the city's
factory products were valued at $40,435,531, an increase of 16.4% in
five years. Immediately outside the city limits in 1905 were various
large and important manufactories, including railway shops, foundries,
slaughter-houses, ice factories and brick-yards. In Columbus there is a
large market for imported horses. Several large quarries also are
adjacent to the city.

The waterworks are owned by the municipality. In 1904-1905 the city
built on the Scioto river a concrete storage dam, having a capacity of
5,000,000,000 gallons, and in 1908 it completed the construction of
enormous works for filtering and softening the water-supply, and of
works for purifying the flow of sewage--the two costing nearly
$5,000,000. The filtering works include 6 lime saturators, 2 mixing or
softening tanks, 6 settling basins, 10 mechanical filters and 2
clear-water reservoirs. A large municipal electric-lighting plant was
completed in 1908.

The first permanent settlement within the present limits of the city was
established in 1797 on the west bank of the Scioto, was named
Franklinton, and in 1803 was made the county-seat. In 1810 four citizens
of Franklinton formed an association to secure the location of the
capital on the higher ground of the east bank; in 1812 they were
successful and the place was laid out while still a forest. Four years
later, when the legislature held its first session here, the settlement
was incorporated as the Borough of Columbus. In 1824 the county-seat was
removed here from Franklinton; in 1831 the Columbus branch of the Ohio
Canal was completed; in 1834 the borough was made a city; by the close
of the same decade the National Road extending from Wheeling to
Indianapolis and passing through Columbus was completed; in 1871 most of
Franklinton, which was never incorporated, was annexed, and several
other annexations followed.

See J. H. Studer, _Columbus, Ohio; its History and Resources_
(Columbus, 1873); A. E. Lee, _History of the City of Columbus, Ohio_
(New York, 1892).

COLUMELLA, LUCIUS JUNIUS MODERATUS, of Gades, writer on agriculture,
contemporary of Seneca the philosopher, flourished about the middle of
the 1st century A.D. His extant works treat, with great fulness and in a
diffuse but not ineleg