08. _Podocarpus._

=TT.= Leaves quite regularly two-ranked. (=UU.=)

=UU.= Leaves marked by two longitudinal lines; bruised or
burned leaves with a very disagreeable odor (107a. _Torreya._)

=UU.= Leaves with the midrib forming a distinct ridge,
odor not disagreeable. (=VV.=)

=VV.= Leaves usually less than an inch long 107. _Taxus._

=VV.= Leaves usually more than an inch long (107b. _Cephalotaxus._)

=WW.= Spray decidedly two-ranked, fan-like. (=YY.=)

=WW.= Spray branching in an irregular way, not two-ranked. (=XX.=)

=XX.= Fruit a purplish berry; bark shreddy 106. _Juniperus._

=XX.= Fruit a cone of thick, pointed, not lapping scales
102. _Sequoia._

=YY.= Cones elongated, of lapping scales 103. _Thuya._

=YY.= Cones globular, of peltate, valvate
scales 104. _Chamaecyparis._

=ZZ.= Leaves very broad at base, half clasping the stem and
rapidly narrowed to an acute tip; hardly at all
spreading from the thread-like twigs; flowers pinkish,
in spike-like clusters 6. _Tamarix._

=ZZ.= Leaves more elongated, quite even in width, not
clasping the stem 101. _Taxodium._

[Footnote 1: Look on the elongated branches for the arrangement of the
leaves; they are too closely clustered on the short side shoots. See
page 18.]

=CLASS I. ANGIOSPERMAE.=

Plants with a pistil consisting of a closed ovary, which contains the
ovules and forms the fruit.

ORDER =I. MAGNOLIACEAE.= (MAGNOLIA FAMILY.)

Trees or shrubs, mainly of tropical regions, including, in our section,
the three following genera:

GENUS =1. MAGNOLIA.=

Trees and tall shrubs with alternate, thick, smooth, entire leaves with
deciduous stipules which form the bud-scales, and are attached entirely
around the stem, leaving a ridge, as in Liriodendron.

Flowers very large (3 to 10 in. in diameter), usually white, solitary.

Fruit a large cone from which the seeds, drupe-like, usually red, hang
out on long threads during the autumn.

* Blooming with or before the opening of the leaves. (=A.=)

=A.= Flowers entirely white 9, 10.

=A.= Flowers dark purple 11.

=A.= Flowers mi