rose-colored when
ripe, with a few hard, bony, black seeds, coated with red pulp, ripe in
autumn. Large (50 to 90 ft.) noble forest tree, wild in western New York
and southward. Wood rather soft, yellowish-white, quite durable, and
extensively used for pump logs. Occasionally cultivated; fine for
avenues.

[Illustration: M. cordata.]

4. =Magnolia cordata=, Michx. (YELLOW CUCUMBER-TREE.) Leaves broadly
ovate or oval, rarely cordate at base, smooth above, white-downy
beneath, 4 to 6 in. long. Flowers lemon-yellow slightly streaked with
red. June. Fruit nearly 3 in. long, red when ripe in autumn. A rather
small, broad-headed tree (20 to 50 ft.), wild in the Southern States,
but hardy as far north as Boston; not often cultivated. Probably an
upland variety of the preceding.

[Illustration: M. macrophylla.]

5. =Magnolia macrophylla=, Michx. (GREAT-LEAVED MAGNOLIA.) Leaves very
large, sometimes 3 ft. long, crowded at the summit of the branches,
obovate-oblong, cordate at the narrowed base, glaucous-white beneath,
green above; twigs whitish pubescent. Flowers very large (12 in. broad),
white with a purple spot near the base; fragrant. Fruit cylindrical, 4
in. long, deep rose-colored when ripe in autumn. A medium-sized (30 to
40 ft.), spreading tree; wild from Kentucky south, hardy and cultivated
as far north as New York City.

[Illustration: M. Fraseri.]

6. =Magnolia Fraseri=, Walt. (EAR-LEAVED UMBRELLA-TREE.) Leaves crowded
at the ends of the flowering branches, obovate or spatulate, auriculate
at base, smooth (1 ft. long). Leaf-buds smooth. Flowers (6 in. wide)
white, slightly scented. April to May. Fruit 3 to 4 in. long,
rose-colored, ripe in autumn. Medium-sized, rather slender tree (30 to
50 ft.), with soft yellowish-white wood. Virginia and southward. Hardy
and extensively cultivated as far north as New York City.

[Illustration: M. umbrella.]

7. =Magnolia umbrella=, Lam. (UMBRELLA TREE.) Leaves clustered at the
ends of the branches, obovate-lanceolate, pointed at both ends, 1 to 2
ft. long; downy beneath when young, but soon becoming smooth. Flowers
white, 6 to 8 in. broad. May. Fruit oblong, 4 to 6 in. long, rather
rose-colored when ripe in autumn. A small, rather straggling tree, 20 to
40 ft. high; common in the Southern States, and wild as far north as New
York State; cultivated throughout.

[Illustration: M. hypoleuca.]

8. =Magnolia hypoleuca=, S. & Z. (JAPAN MAGNOLIA.) Leaves large (1 ft.
long),