sly called _Tunis Stratonis_. Remains of all the principal buildings
erected by Herod existed down to the end of the 19th century; the ruins
were much injured by a colony of Bosnians established here in 1884. These
buildings are a temple, dedicated to Caesar; a theatre; a hippodrome; two
aqueducts; a boundary wall; and, chief of all, a gigantic mole, 200 ft.
wide, built of stones 50 ft. long, in 20 fathoms of water, protecting the
harbour on the south and west. The harbour measures 180 yds. across. The
massacre of Jews at this place led to the Jewish rebellion and to the Roman
war. Vespasian made it a colony and called it Flavia: the old name,
however, persisted, and still survives as _Kaisarieh_. Eusebius was
archbishop here (A.D. 315-318). It was captured by the Moslems in 638 and
by the Crusaders in 1102, by Saladin in 1187, recaptured by the Crusaders
in 1191, and finally lost by them in 1265, since when till its recent
settlement it has lain in ruins. Remains of the medieval town are also
visible, consisting of the walls (one-tenth the area of the Roman city),
the castle, the cathedral (now covered by modern houses), and a church.

(R. A. S. M.)

CAESAREA PHILIPPI, the name of a town 95 miles N. of Jerusalem, 35 miles
S.W. from Damascus, 1150 ft. above the sea, on the south base of Hermon,
and at an important source of the Jordan. It does not certainly appear in
the Old Testament history, though identifications with Baal-Gad and (less
certainly) with Laish (Dan) have been proposed. It was certainly a place of
great sanctity from very early times, and when foreign [v.04 p.0944]
religious influences intruded upon Palestine, the cult of its local _numen_
gave place to the worship of Pan, to whom was dedicated the cave in which
the copious spring feeding the Jordan arises. It was long known as _Panium_
or _Panias_, a name that has survived in the modern _Banias_. When Herod
the Great received the territory from Augustus, 20 B.C., he erected here a
temple in honour of his patron; but the re-foundation of the town is due to
his son, Philip the Tetrarch, who here erected a city which he named
_Caesarea_ in honour of Tiberius, adding _Philippi_ to immortalize his own
name and to distinguish his city from the similarly-named city founded by
his father on the sea-coast. Here Christ gave His charge to Peter (Matt.
xvi. 13). Many Greek inscriptions have been found here, some referring to
the shrine. Agrippa II. changed the name