almost entirely in the hands of royal officers, king and bishop being
co-seigneurs. This arrangement survived till the Revolution. In 1331 Pope
John XXII., a native of Cahors, founded there a university, which
afterwards numbered Jacques Cujas among its teachers and Francois Fenelon
among its students. It flourished till 1751, when it was united to its
rival the university of Toulouse. During the Hundred Years' War, Cahors,
like the rest of Quercy, consistently resisted the English occupation, from
which it was relieved in 1428. In the 16th century it belonged to the
viscounts of Bearn, but remained Catholic and rose against Henry of Navarre
who took it by assault in 1580. On his accession Henry IV. punished the
town by depriving it of its privileges as a wine-market; the loss of these
was the chief cause of its decline.

CAIATIA (mod. _Caiazzo_), an ancient city of Campania, on the right bank of
the Volturnus, 11 m. N.E. of Capua, on the road between it and Telesia. It
was already in the hands of the Romans in 306 B.C., and since in the 3rd
century B.C. it issued copper coins with a Latin legend it must have had
the _civitas sine suffragio_. In the Social War it rebelled from Rome, and
its territory was added to that of Capua by Sulla. In the imperial period,
however, we find it once more a _municipium_. Caiatia has remains of
Cyclopean walls, and under the Piazza del Mercato is a large Roman cistern,
which still provides a good water supply. The episcopal see was founded in
A.D. 966. The place is frequently confused with Calatia (_q.v._).

CAIETAE PORTUS (mod. _Gaeta_), an ancient harbour of _Latium adiectum_,
Italy, in the territory of Formiae, from which it is 5 m. S.W. The name
(originally [Greek: Aiete]) is generally derived from the nurse of Aeneas.
The harbour, owing to its fine anchorage, was much in use, but the place
was never a separate town, but always dependent on Formiae. Livy mentions a
temple of Apollo. The coast of the Gulf not only between Caietae Portus and
Formiae, but E. of the latter also, as far as the modern Monte Scauri, was
a favourite summer resort (see FORMIA). Cicero may have had villas both at
Portus Caietae and at Formiae[1] proper, and the emperors certainly
possessed property at both places. After the destruction of Formiae in A.D.
847 it became one of the most important seaports of central Italy (see
GAETA). In the town are scanty remains of an amphitheatre and theatre: near
the church