alities in which they are spoken. For the Panjab the figures of the
recent census are:

A 1. Tibeto-Chinese 41,607

B. Aryan:
(_a_) Iranian: 2. Pashtu 67,174
3. Biluchi 70,675
4. Kohistani 26

(_b_) Indian: 5. Kashmiri 7,190
6. Pahari 993,363
7. Lahndi 4,253,566
8. Sindhi 24
9. Panjabi 14,111,215
10. Western Hindi 3,826,467
11. Rajasthani 725,850

The eastern part of the Indus valley in Kashmir forming the provinces of
Ladakh and Baltistan is occupied by a Mongol population speaking
Tibeto-Chinese dialects. Kashmiri is the language of Kashmir Proper, and
various dialects of the Shina-Khowar group comprehensively described as
Kohistani are spoken in Astor, Gilgit, and Chilas, and to the west of
Kashmir territory in Chitral and the Kohistan or mountainous country at
the top of the Swat river valley. Though Kashmiri and the Shina-Khowar
tongues belong to the Aryan group, their basis is supposed to be
non-Sanskritic, and it is held that there is a strong non-Sanskritic or
Pisacha element also in Lahndi or western Panjabi, which is also the
prevailing speech in the Hazara and Dera Ismail Khan districts of the
N.W.F. Province, and is spoken in part of the Jammu province of Kashmir.
Pashtu is the common language in Peshawar, Kohat, and Bannu, and is
spoken on the western frontiers of Hazara and Dera Ismail Khan, and in
the independent tribal territory in the west between the districts of
the N.W.F. Province and the Durand Line and immediately adjoining the
Peshawar district on the north. Rajasthani is a collective name for the
dialects of Rajputana, which overflow into the Panjab, occupying a
strip along the southern frontier from Bahawalpur to Gurgaon. The
infiltration of English words and phrases into the languages of the
province is a useful process and as inevitable as was the enrichment of
the old English speech by Norman-French. But for the present the results
are apt to sound grotesque, when the traveller, who expects a train to
start at the appointed time, is told: "_tren late hai, lekin singal down
hogaya_" (the train is late, but the signal has been lowered), or the
criticism is passed on a popular offi