te, Pat, Pa. Of like kind are the riddles known
as variations, mutilations, reverses, and counterchanges. A good
example of the last-named is this:

Charge, Chester, Charge: on, Stanley, on!
Were the last words of Marmion.
Had I but been in Stanley's place,
When Marmion urged him to the chase,
A tear might come on every face.

The answer is onion--On, I, on.

[MOCK NOT A COBBLER FOR HIS BLACK THUMB.]

59. Enigmas

are compositions of a different character, based upon _ideas_,
rather than upon words, and frequently constructed so as to mislead,
and to surprise when the solution is made known. Enigmas may be
founded upon simple catches, like Conundrums, in which form they are
usually called RIDDLES, such as:

"Though you set me on foot,
I shall be on my head."

The answer is, _A nail in a shoe_. The celebrated Enigma on the
letter H, by Miss Catherine Fanshawe, but usually attributed to Lord
Byron, commencing:

"'Twas whispered in heaven, 'twas muttered in hell,
And echo caught faintly the sound as it fell;"

and given elsewhere in this volume (See _par_. 215, page 77), is an
admirable specimen of what may be rendered in the form of an Enigma.

60. Hidden Words.

A riddle in which names of towns, persons, rivers, &c., are hidden or
arranged, without transposition, in the midst of sentences which
convey no suggestion of their presence. In the following sentence, for
instance, there are hidden six Christian names:--Here is hid a name
the people of Pisa acknowledge: work at each word, for there are worse
things than to give the last shilling for bottled wine.--The names are
Ida, Isaac, Kate, Seth, Ethel, Edwin. Great varieties of riddles,
known as Buried Cities, Hidden Towns, &c., are formed on this
principle, the words being sometimes placed so as to read backwards,
or from right to left. The example given will, however, sufficiently
explain the mode of operation.

61. Lipogram

from _leipein_, to leave out, and _gramma_, a letter--is a riddle in
which a name or sentence is written without its vowels, as:

Thprffthpddngsthtng,
The proof of the pudding is in the eating.

Whnhnorslst ts--rlftd,
Dths bt--sr rtrt fm nfmy.

"When honour's lost 'tis a relief to die,
Death's but a sure retreat from infamy."

This riddle sometimes appears as a proverb.