n, S.J.; Madrid,
1663. [From his Labor evangelica.] 37
The natives of the southern islands. Francisco Combes,
S.J.; Madrid, 1667. [From his Historia de Mindanao,
Iolo, etc.] 99
Letter on the Filipinos. Gaspar de San Agustin, O.S.A.;
1720 183
The native peoples and their customs. Juan Francisco de
San Antonio, O.S.F.; Manila, 1738. [From his Cronicas.] 296

ILLUSTRATIONS

Photographic facsimile of frontispiece to Colin's Labor
evangelica (Madrid, 1663); from the copy in possession of
Edward E. Ayer, of Chicago 39

Title-page of Historia de las islas de Mindanao, etc., by
Francisco Combes, S.J., (Madrid, M. DC. LXVII):
photographic facsimile from copy in library of Harvard
University 101

Title-page of Conquistas de las islas Philipinas,
by Gaspar de San Augustin; photographic facsimile
from copy in Biblioteca-Museo de Ultramar, Madrid 185

Autograph signature of Gaspar de San Augustin; photographic
facsimile from original manuscript in collection of Eduardo
Navarro, O.S.A., of the Colegio de Filipinas, Valladolid
facing p. 278

PREFACE

In the present volume but one document appears in the chronological
order of events in the islands; it is short, and is mainly concerned
with the ecclesiastical disputes which had been only partly quieted
with the death of Archbishop Pardo. The rest of the volume is occupied
by an ethnological appendix, which presents the observations of early
missionary writers--Jesuit, Augustinian, and Franciscan--on the native
peoples and their customs and beliefs. Due allowance being made for
their ecclesiastical standpoint, these writers may be considered
excellent authority on this subject--especially Combes, who was one
of the Jesuit pioneers in Mindanao.

The document first mentioned above is a letter from a Manila Jesuit,
relating events in that city during the year 1690-91. As in the
lifetime of Pardo, there are dissensions between the ecclesiastical
and the secular powers, the former represented by Bishop Barrientos,
acting ruler of the archdiocese; the latter by the Audiencia until
July, 1690, and aft