with the arms and temporal commerce would come some caciques,
[4] or priests of the cursed Mahometan religion, who introduced that
religion into the villages and maritime nations of these parts. As
for me I can readily believe that that great island of Borney in past
centuries was continued on the northeast by Paragua, and on the south
[5] by the lands near Mindanao, as is indicated by the shoals and
islets of Paragua on the one side, and those called Santa Juana and
other islets and shoals which extend toward Jolo and Taguima, opposite
the point of La Caldera on the Mindanao shore. If this assumption be
true, as is affirmed by aged Indians of those parts, the opportunity
for the Borneans to scatter through the Filipinas is very evident.

27. It is probable that the inhabitants would come to Borney
immediately from Samatra, which is a very large land quite near the
mainland of Malaca and Malayo. In the midst of that great island
of Samatra there is a large and extensive lake [6] whose marge is
settled by many different nations, whence, according to tradition,
the people went to settle various islands. A Pampango of sense (one
of these nations) finding himself adrift and astray there through
various accidents (and from whom I learned it), testified that those
people [of Sumatra] spoke excellent Pampango, and wore the oldtime
dress of the Pampangos. When he questioned one of their old men,
the latter answered: "You [Pampangos] are descendants of the lost
people who left here in past times to settle in other lands, and were
never heard of again." It can also be believed that the Tagalogs,
Pampangos, and other civilized nations, analogous in language, color,
clothing, and customs, came from parts of Borney and Samatra, some
from certain provinces or neighborhoods and some from others. That
is the reason for the difference of the languages, according to the
custom of these uncivilized lands, for every province or neighborhood
has a different language.

28. The nations of the Bisayas and Pintados, who inhabit the
provinces of Camarines in this island of Luzon, and those of Leyte,
Samar, Panay, and other neighborhoods, came, I have heard, from the
districts of Macasar, where it is said that Indians live who make
designs on and tattoo the body, in the manner of our Pintados. Pedro
Fernandez de Quiros, in the relation which he wrote of the discovery
of the Salomon Islands in 1595, says that an island called Madalena
was found