, and
afterward made him understand how unreasonable he was in the matter.

He prides himself on being very learned, and that he needs no advice
from any one, holding it as an established maxim that the religious lie
to him in whatever they say or propose in favor of the Indians. From
this results the extreme contempt in which the religious now find
themselves [held by him], and the grievous oppression which the poor
Indians experience; for, from the very month in which this governor
entered Manila, the Indians have not ceased their labors [on public
works] to this day, without any attention being paid to the times when
they ought to attend to their farming, or to the inclemency of the
rainy seasons--not even in a sort of pestilence which has prevailed
in this [province] of Tagalos among the Indians. Sick as they were,
[the officials] obliged them with blows to go to their toil in
timber-working, where not a few fell dead from the labor and their
illness; and all this, only to build one ship (a very small one), on
account of the unnecessary destruction of the galleon "Santo Nino,"
which Don Juan de Bargas had constructed in his term as governor.

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DATA

The documents contained in this volume are obtained from the following
sources:

1. Events at Manila, 1690-91.--From the Ventura del Arco MSS. (Ayer
library), iv, pp. 53-67.

2. Native races and customs.--From Colin's Labor evangelica, book
i, chap. iv, xiii-xvi; from a copy of original edition (1663) in
possession of Edward E. Ayer, Chicago.

3. Natives of the southern islands.--From Combes's Historia de
Mindanao, Iolo, etc. (Retana and Pastells's reprint), chap. ix-xviii.

4. San Agustin's Letter.--From an early MS. copy in possession of
Edward E. Ayer.

5. Native peoples and their customs.--From San Antonio's Cronicas,
i, pp. 129-172; from a copy in possession of Edward E. Ayer.

APPENDIX: ETHNOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION OF THE FILIPINOS

Native races and their customs. Francisco Colin, S.J.;
Madrid, 1663.

The natives of the southern islands. Francisco Combes,
S.J.; 1667.

Letter on the Filipinos. Gaspar de San Agustin, O.S.A.; 1720.

The native peoples and their customs. Juan Francisco de San
Antonio, O.S.F.; 1738.

Sources: The material for this appendix is obtained from the
following works: Colin's Labor evangelica (Madrid, 1663), book
i, chap. iv, xiii-xvi; from a copy in the posse