s volume with a few
simple, practical instructions, telling the reader exactly what to do
in case of an accident. For the purpose of distinguishing them from
the ordinary text, and making them easy of reference, these
_"First-aid Rules" are printed in light-faced type_.

CHAPTER I

=Restoring the Apparently Drowned=

_As Practiced in the United States Life-Saving Service_

NOTE.--These directions differ from those given in the last
revision of the Regulations by the addition of means for securing
deeper inspiration. The method heretofore published, known as the
Howard, or direct method, has been productive of excellent results
in the practice of the service, and is retained here. It is,
however, here arranged for practice in combination with the
Sylvester method, the latter producing deeper inspiration than any
other known method, while the former effects the most complete
expiration. The combination, therefore, tends to produce the most
rapid oxygenation of the blood--the real object to be gained. The
combination is prepared primarily for the use of life-saving crews
where assistants are at hand. A modification of Rule III, however,
is published as a guide in cases where no assistants are at hand
and one person is compelled to act alone. In preparing these
directions the able and exhaustive report of Messrs. J. Collins
Warren, M.D., and George B. Shattuck, M.D., committee of the
Humane Society of Massachusetts, embraced in the annual report of
the society for 1895-96, has been availed of, placing the
department under many obligations to these gentlemen for their
valuable suggestions.

=IF SEVERAL ASSISTANTS ARE AT HAND.=

RULE I. _Arouse the Patient._--Do not move the patient unless in
danger of freezing; instantly expose the face to the air, toward the
wind if there be any; wipe dry the mouth and nostrils; rip the
clothing so as to expose the chest and waist; give two or three quick,
smarting slaps on the chest with the open hand.

If the patient does not revive, proceed immediately as follows:

RULE II. _To Expel Water from the Stomach and Chest_ (see Fig.
1).--Separate the jaws and keep them apart by placing between the
teeth a cork or small bit of wood, turn the patient on his face, a
large bundle of tightly rolled clothing being placed beneath the
stomach; press heavily on the back over it for half a minute, or as