he rescuer with thick rubber gloves is of course the
ideal safeguard.

In fatal cases the heart is instantaneously arrested, and nothing can
be done to start it into action. If the current passes through the
brain, by contact with the head or neck, then failure of breathing is
more apt to be the cause of death. Theoretically, it is in the latter
event only that treatment, i. e., artificial respiration, will be of
avail.

But as in any individual case the exact condition is always a matter
of doubt, _artificial respiration_ is the most valuable remedial
measure we possess; it should always be practiced for hours in
doubtful cases. Two tablespoonfuls of brandy or whisky in a cup of
warm water may be injected into the bowel, if a hypodermic syringe is
not available and the patient needs decided stimulation.

CHAPTER III

=Wounds, Sprains and Bruises=

_Treatment of Wounds--Rules for Checking Hemorrhage--Lockjaw--Bandages
for Sprains--Synovitis--Bunions and Felons--Foreign Bodies in the Eye,
Ear and Nose._

=WOUNDS.=--A wound is a condition produced by a forcible cutting,
contusing, or tearing of the tissues of the body, and includes, in its
larger sense, bruises, sprains, dislocations, and breaks or fractures
of bones. As ordinarily used, a wound is an injury produced by
forcible separation of the skin or mucous membrane, with more or less
injury to the underlying parts.

_The main object during the care of wounds should be to avoid
contamination with anything which is not surgically clean, from the
beginning to the end of the dressing; otherwise, every other step in
the whole process is rendered useless._

Three essentials in the treatment of wounds are:

1. The arrest of bleeding. 2. Absolute cleanliness. 3. Rest of the
injured part. Dangerous bleeding demands immediate relief.

Bleeding is of three kinds: 1. From a large artery. 2. From a vein. 3.
General oozing.

=BLEEDING FROM LARGE ARTERY IN SPURTS OF BRIGHT BLOOD.=

_First Aid Rule 1.--Speed increases safety. Put patient down flat.
Make pressure with hands between the wound and the heart till surgeon
arrives, assistants taking turns._

_Rule 2.--If arm or leg, tie rubber tubing or rubber suspenders tight
about limb between wound and heart, or tie strap or rope over
handkerchief or folded shirt wrapped about limb. If arm, put baseball
in arm pit, and press arm against this. Or, for arm or leg, tie folded
cloth in loose noose around limb, p