able. One layer of thin
cotton or linen cloth should be wet in ice water, and should be put on
the bruised part and continually changed for newly moistened pieces
as soon as the first grows warm. Alcohol and water, of each equal
parts, may be used in the same manner to advantage.

When cold is unavailable or unpleasant to the patient, several layers
of cotton cloth may be wrung out in very hot water and applied to the
part with frequent renewal. The value attributed to witch-hazel and
arnica is mainly due to the alcohol contained in their preparations.
Cataplasma Kaolini (U. S. P.) is an excellent remedy for simple
bruises when spread thickly on the part and covered with a bandage. An
ointment containing twenty-five per cent of ichthyol is also a useful
application. Following severe bruises, the damaged parts should be
kept warm by the use of hot-water bags, or by covering a limb with
cotton wool and bandage, until such time as surgical advice may be
obtained.

When the pain and swelling of bruises begin to subside, treatment
should be pursued by rubbing with liniment of ammonia or chloroform,
or vaseline if these are not obtainable. Moderate exercise of the part
is desirable.

=ABRASIONS.=--When the surface skin is scraped off, as often happens
to the shin, knee, or head, an ointment containing sixty grains of
boric acid to the ounce of vaseline makes a good application, and this
may be covered with a bandage. The same ointment is useful to apply to
small wounds and cuts after the first bandage is removed.

=SPRAIN; NO DISPLACEMENT OF BONES.=

_First Aid Rule 1.--Immerse in water, hot as hand can bear, for half
an hour._

_Rule 2.--Dry and strap with adhesive plaster, if you know how. If
not, bandage snugly, beginning with tips of fingers or with toes, and
make same pressure all the way up that you do over injury._

_Rule 3.--Rest. If ankle or knee is hurt, patient must go to bed._

=Conditions, Etc.=--A sprain is an injury caused by a sudden wrench or
twist of a joint, producing a momentary displacement of the ends of
the bones to such a degree that they are forced against the membrane
and ligaments surrounding the joint, tearing one or both to a greater
or less extent. The wrist and ankle are the joints more commonly
sprained, and this injury is more likely to occur in persons with
flabby muscles and relaxed ligaments, as in the so-called
"weak-ankled." The damage to the parts holding the joint in place