cene, and Post Tertiary. We do not now refer
to the evidence of man's existence in the Miocene and Pliocene,
treated of in the preceding chapter.
(53) Mr. Dawkins finds that fifty-five out of seventy-seven
species are yet living. "Early Man in Britain," p, 109.
(54) "Early Man in Britain," p. 110.
(55) Those who reject the proofs of the existence of man in
Pliocene times because the evolution of life had not then
reached a stage where we could hope to find man, are here
confronted with a difficulty. If Mr. Dawkins be right (as stated
above) then the various animals in question must have been
living in Asia during the preceding Pliocene Age. There is no
reason to suppose man was not associated with them, since he
belongs to the same stage of evolution (Le Conte's "Elements of
Geology," p. 568), and though, owing to climatic and
geographical causes, the animals themselves might have been
confined to Asia, there is surely no good reason why man may
not, in small bands, and at various times, have wandered
into Europe.
(56) "Prehistoric Europe," "The Great Ice Age."
(57) Dawkins's "Early Man in Britain," p. 170.
(58) "Prehistoric Europe," p. 268.
(59) Ibid., 360.
(60) British Assoc. Rep., 1878.
(61) "Early Man in Britain," pp. 137, 141, and 169, with note.
(62) British Assoc. Rep., 1879.
(63) Prehistoric Europe, p. 263.
(64) British Assoc. Rep., 1882.
(65) Preface to Kains-Jackson's "Our Ancient Monuments."
(66) "First Annual Report, Bureau of Ethnology," p. 73.

Chapter IV

CAVE-MEN.<1>

Other sources of Information--History of Cave Exploration--The formation
of Caves--Exploration in Kent's Cavern--Evidence of two different
races--The higher culture of the later race--Evidence of prolonged
time--Exploration of Robin Hood Cave--Explorations in Valley of the
River Meuse--M. Dupont's conclusions--Explorations in the Valley of the
Dordogne--The Station at Schussenreid--Cavemen not found south of the
Alps--Habitations of the Cave-men--Cave-men were Hunters--Methods of
Cooking--Destitute of the Potter's art--Their Weapons--Clothing--Their
skill in Drawing--Evidence of a Government--Of Religious belief--Race
of the Cave-men--Distinct from the men of the Drift--Probable Connection
with the Eskimos.

We have been delving, among the sands of ancient river bottoms for a
pro