ave been given."<3>

Let us see what general results have been reached by this committee.
The investigation disclosed several different beds of stalagmite, cave
earth, and breccia. The lowest layer is a breccia.<4> The matrix is sand
of a reddish color, containing many pieces of rock known as red-grit and
some pieces of quartz. This implies the presence of running water, which
at times washed in pieces of red-grit. The surface features must have
been quite different from the present, since now this rock does not form
any part of the hill into which this cave opens.<5> And this change in
drainage took place before this lowest layer was completed, since not
only bears, but men, commenced to visit the cave. The presence of bears
is shown by numerous bones, and that of man by his implements.

Illustration of Spear-head--Lower Breccia, Kent's Cavern.---

We must notice that all the implements found in the breccia are similar
to those of the Drift, being rudely formed and massive. No doubt these
are the remains of Drift men, who, for some cause or other, temporarily
visited the cave, perhaps contending with the cave bear for its
possession. But a time at length arrived when for some reason neither
animals nor man visited the cave. The slow accumulation of stalagmite
went forward until in some places it had obtained a thickness of twelve
feet. Freely admitting that we can not determine the length of time
demanded for this deposition, yet none can doubt that it requires a very
long time indeed. Says Mr. Geikie: "How many centuries rolled past while
that old pavement was slowly accreting, no one can say; but that it
represents a lapse of ages compared to which the time embraced by
all tradition and written history is but as a few months, who that is
competent to form an opinion can doubt?" But after this long period of
quiet, from some source great torrents of water came rolling through the
cave. We know this to be so, because in places it broke up this layer of
stalagmite and washed it away, as well as large portions of the breccia
below, and after the floods had ceased, occasionally inundations still
threw down layers of mud and silt. This accumulation is known as cave
earth, and is the layer containing the numerous remains of the Cave-men.
Here the explorers were not only struck with the large number of
implements, but at once noticed that they were of a higher form and
better made. Instead of the rude and massive implem