d especially when both are seen possessed of a
common artistic skill, together with the known fact that in the Western
Continent the Eskimos did formerly live much farther south; there is
surely a strong case made out, and therefore the probabilities are that
the Eskimos are the representatives of the Cave-men of Europe.<42> And
yet we must be cautious on this point; or rather we remember that the
phrase, "predecessors of the Eskimos," does not imply that they were
in all respects like them. An examination of the rude sketches of the
Cave-men left by themselves seems to indicate that the whole body was
covered with hair. "The hunter in the Antler from Duluth Cave has a
long, pointed beard, and a high crest of hair on the poll utterly unlike
the Eskimo type. The figures are also those of a slim and long-jointed
man."<43>

This completes our review of the Paleolithic people, and it only remains
to present some general conclusions. The Glacial or Pleistocene Age
is seen to have been of immense duration, and characterized by great
changes in climate. We have found that two races of men occupied Europe
during this time. The men of the River Drift are the most ancient.

We have seen that they can be traced over wide-extended areas. They seem
to have invaded Europe, along with the great invasion of animals from
Asia, constituting the temperate group of animals; and with those
animals they probably shifted back and forth, as the cold of the Glacial
Age increased or waned. These people seem to have completely vanished.
At a later date, when the cold of the Glacial Age was once more severe,
associated with animals now living only in high northern latitudes, came
the Cave-men, whose discussion has formed the subject of this chapter.

It will be seen how much we owe to patient investigators. The results
are, indeed, bewildering. They make us acquainted with a people the very
existence of whom was not known a few years back. Though the whole life
of those ancient races seemed hopelessly lost in the night of time, the
gloom is irradiated by the light of modern science, which lays before
our astonished vision the remains of arts and industries of the
primitive tribes that occupied Europe during the morning-time of human
life.

REFERENCES

(1) The manuscript of this chapter was submitted to Prof. B. B.
Wright, of Overlain, for criticism.
(2) On the formation of caves consult Geikie's "Prehistoric
Europe," p. 7