the culls
to rot. We pack in three-bushel barrels, and usually sell in the orchard
at wholesale. Our best market is Minneapolis, Minn., but I have not made
shipping pay. I have tried artificial cold storage; they did not keep
satisfactorily, I do not know why. I had to repack, and lost over twenty
per cent. Prices have varied from 75 cents to $1.50 per barrel. For
help, I use boys at fifty cents to seventy-five cents per day.

* * * * *

J. D. HAZEN, Leona, Doniphan county: Have been in Kansas forty years;
have an apple orchard of 13,200 trees; 10,000 have been planted fourteen
years, and 3200 for two years. I would plant nothing but Ben Davis for
commercial purposes. For the family orchard I would add Winesap,
Jonathan, and Rawle's Janet. Prefer rather high land, well underdrained,
with a northeast slope. I plant good two-year-old trees, in rows two
rods apart east and west, and the trees one rod apart in the row north
and south. I grow corn or potatoes for six years, then seed down to
clover. I cultivate the trees while young with a small one-horse plow. I
think windbreaks essential on the south and west sides; Osage orange is
good, set the same as for a fence, and allowed to grow tall. I wrap my
trees against rabbits, and try all ways to destroy them. I prune with
the saw to get the trees up so I can get around them, and believe it
pays, or I would not do it. Have been at it fifteen years, and see no
harm. Don't think it would pay to thin apples on the trees. I believe it
is better to mix varieties in the orchard; I have 7000 Ben Davis and 300
Winesaps in one orchard, and where the Winesaps are mixed with the Davis
the trees are always fuller. I believe fertilizing would be good, but my
orchard is too large to practice it. I pasture with horses in the
spring, and believe it does no harm, and that it pays.

Canker-worm is my worst insect pest, and I have been spraying for many
years, using one pound of London purple to 160 gallons of water. I spray
when the blossoms fall, using a big tank and a small engine to pump. I
cannot say that I have reduced the codling-moth any by spraying. I cut
borers out. I sort into two classes, No. 1's and No. 2's, bests and
second bests; best ones go into firsts, and those that are not rotten in
No. 2. I have a table, or what I call a culler; the apples are picked
and put into these cullers; I have twelve men to each culler and a boss
over them. They stan