t market. Never dried any.
Sometimes store a few for winter in bulk in a cave; not satisfactory.
Find that the Winesap and Missouri Pippin keep best. Some years apples
keep better than they do others. Have never tried irrigation. Prices
have varied from sixty cents to $1.25 per barrel. I use all kinds of
help, paying from seventy-five cents to one dollar per day.

* * * * *

H. M. RICE, Muscotah, Atchison county: Have resided in Kansas
twenty-eight years. Have an apple orchard of 8000 trees--5000 one year
planted, 500 five years planted, 1000 seven years planted, 500 nine
years planted, 1000 ten years planted. Planted for commercial purpose
Ben Davis, Missouri Pippin, and Grimes's Golden Pippin, and for family
use advise Winesap, Grimes's Golden Pippin, Jonathan, Red June, Rawle's
Janet, and Romanite. Declare Golden Russet and Sops of Wine no good. Use
upland; prefer north or northeast slope; any good corn land will do.
Plant good, thrifty two-year-old trees, eighteen feet apart north and
south, and thirty-four feet apart east and west. Am trying 5000 root
grafts. Cultivate with five-tooth cultivator with twenty-inch
singletree, and a mule; up to bearing age, with corn and potatoes as a
ground crop; after that seed to clover. Do not think windbreaks
essential for large orchards; would advise three rows of soft maples
around small orchards. Use against rabbits a wash of equal parts
carbolic acid and water. It pays to remove watersprouts. Use all the
barn-yard litter available. Pasture with horses and colts in winter
only; it pays. Spray from the time the leaves appear until the apples
are as big as hickory-nuts, to kill canker-worm, codling-moth, and
leaf-crumpler. For borers, wash trees about June 1 with equal parts
carbolic acid and water, and if any get in after that dig them out with
a knife. Sort into firsts, seconds, and culls. Use barrels well shaken
and pressed, marked with variety and name of grower. Usually wholesale
as soon as picked. Make culls into vinegar when I cannot sell them in
bulk. Never dried any, and put none away for winter except a few in
boxes for family use. Find that Missouri Pippin, Rawle's Janet and
Romanite keep the best. Prices run from $1.50 to $3 per barrel. Use men,
women, and boys, and pay 1-1/2 to 2 cents per bushel for hand picking.

* * * * *

H. C. RIGGS, Wetmore, Nemaha county: Has lived in Kansas twenty-seven
years;