inting with ashes and lime. I prune with saw and knife to make
larger apples, and give them better color, and think it pays. I do not
thin, and would put fertilizer from the barn-yard on the land. I pasture
my orchard with cattle and hogs, but do not think it advisable. I am
troubled some with canker-worm, tent-caterpillar, root aphis, borers,
codling-moth, and curculio, but do not spray. I gather only the best by
hand, and put them immediately in a bin in the cellar. I sell to stores,
use plenty at home, make cider, and feed the hogs on culls. My best
market is Seneca, Kan. Have never tried drying apples. I store for
winter on shallow shelves, six inches deep and two feet wide, in a dry
cellar, and keep them successfully; Ben Davis and Winesap keep the best.
Prices have ranged from twenty-five to seventy-five cents per bushel. I
use common laborers, and pay from one to two dollars per day.

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HOWARD MORTON, Tescott, Ottawa county: I have lived in Kansas thirty-two
years; I have twenty old apple trees and 400 set two years ago. I prefer
Ben Davis, Gano and York Imperial for market, and Maiden's Blush, Early
Harvest and Winesap for family use. My orchard is in a bottom with a
north slope. I plant two-year-olds with a fair amount of large roots, in
furrows made with a lister, and enlarged with a spade where necessary. I
cultivate with a disc harrow as long as possible, and grow nothing on
the ground among the trees. I believe windbreaks are essential, and
would make them by planting Osage orange, Russian mulberry and
box-elders in rows six feet apart. I do not prune much; only thin out
inside shoots to prevent contact. I believe it pays to thin the fruit
some when the apples are perhaps half grown. I use no fertilizers. I do
not pasture my orchard. I spray a little before the buds swell, after
the blossoms fall, and two weeks later, with Bordeaux mixture, to
prevent wormy apples. I dig out borers with a jack-knife and a small
wire.

* * * * *

I. N. MACY, Longford, Clay county: Have lived in Kansas fifteen years;
have 150 apple trees nine years old, from fifteen to eighteen feet high.
For family orchard prefer Ben Davis, Winesap, and Jonathan. I prefer
bottom land. I plant two-year-old trees. I cultivate in corn for the
shade as long as there is room, using the plow, cultivator, and harrow,
and cease cropping when trees shade the ground. Windbreaks