erry trees. For rabbits, I wrap my trees. For
the borers, I use whitewash. I do not pasture. I have some insects, but
have not sprayed. I pick by hand, and sort into two classes, according
to size and quality. I retail my best in the orchard and elsewhere; of
the culls I make cider. I store for winter in barrels in the cellar; am
successful in keeping Winesap, Jonathan, and Missouri Pippin, losing
only about one-tenth. Prices have run from twenty cents to one dollar
per bushel. For picking, I use boys from town.

* * * * *

WILLIAM J. HENRY, Lowemont, Leavenworth county: Been in Kansas
twenty-seven years; have 2500 apple trees; 1600 bearing and 900 younger.
For market varieties I use Ben Davis and Jonathan; for family orchard,
Winesap, Rawle's Janet, Maiden's Blush, and Early Harvest. I prefer
bottom land for Ben Davis and hilltop for Jonathan; northeast slope is
best. The soil preferred for most apples should be clay, while for Ben
Davis I prefer black loam. I plant good healthy two-year-olds,
twenty-four by twenty-four feet on the hill, and thirty by thirty feet
in the bottom. I have grown root grafts with great success. I cultivate
in corn for six years, with a diamond and shovel plow, with a single
horse, and by all means avoid a turning plow. After this I grow weeds or
clover, but use a mowing-machine. Windbreaks are essential here, and
should be made of a heavy hedge or forest on the northwest. I wrap with
brown paper for mice and rabbits. Use a knife on borers, which are the
only insects that bother me. I prune to shape the tree when young, and
to increase the quality of the fruit when older; it is beneficial, and
pays. Winds in Kansas are more than sufficient for thinning purposes,
and often thin to excess. I have tried apple trees in blocks of a kind,
and also mixed, and can see no difference in fertility. I use stable
litter, rotten straw, etc.; it is next to cultivation. I would always
use such on thin soil, and on rich soil if it is not cultivated. I turn
any and all kinds of stock in after gathering the fruit, and think it
pays, but I would not allow any live stock in a young orchard. I am
troubled some with canker-worm, flathead borer, and codling-moth. I
spray from the shedding of the bloom until of the size of peas, using
London purple, to perfect the fruit. I believe I have reduced the
codling-moth some. For picking I use good careful hands, with baskets
and ladders. We s