are
beneficial on the south. I prune to balance the top and prevent the
limbs from chafing; I think it beneficial. I never thin apples. I
fertilize my orchard with barn-yard litter, keeping my ground as rich as
a garden, and would advise its use on all soils. I never pasture my
orchard; it is sure death to it; allow nothing larger than chickens in
it. I spray only for canker-worms, using Paris green and lime, when in
bloom; am successful. I do not irrigate.

* * * * *

A. C. GRIESA, Lawrence, Douglas county: I have lived in Kansas thirty
years. For market I prefer Ben Davis, Gano, Jonathan, and Missouri
Pippin, and, for a family orchard, the leading medium early and late
sorts. I prefer upland or second bottom with a clay subsoil; all slopes,
if well drained, are good, excepting south. I prefer good two-year-old
trees, set in land laid off with a plow. I plant my orchard to corn for
four years and use an eight-tooth cultivator; cease cropping when the
trees are four or six inches in diameter; plant clover in a bearing
orchard. Windbreaks are not essential in this locality. For rabbits I
wrap the trees, and dig the borers out. I prune when the trees are young
to thin the top; I think it beneficial and that it pays. I do not thin
the fruit while on the trees, but would advise doing so when the fruit
is one-third grown. I fertilize my orchard with barn-yard litter, and
would advise its use, especially on uplands. I do not pasture my
orchard; do not think it advisable; it does not pay. My trees are
troubled with canker-worm, root aphis, flathead and roundhead borers,
and woolly aphis; and my apples with codling-moth. I do not spray, but
would advise it. I am sure it would reduce the codling-moth. I hand-pick
my apples in a sack over the shoulder.

* * * * *

A. G. AXELTON, Randolph, Riley county: I have lived in Kansas forty
years; have an apple orchard of 300 trees eighteen years old, sixteen
feet high. For a family orchard I prefer Ben Davis, Missouri Pippin,
Winesap, and Maiden's Blush. I prefer black bottom land with a clay
subsoil, and a northern slope. For planting I prefer two-year-old,
straight, smooth trees. I cultivate my orchard till the trees begin to
bear, with a cultivator and hogs, planting nothing. Windbreaks are not
essential. For rabbits I wrap the trees with paper. I do not prune my
trees, nor thin the fruit while on the trees. I do not fer