it
advisable. Do not pasture my orchard; would not advise it. My trees are
affected with twig-borer and leaf-roller. The codling-moth troubles my
apples. I do not spray. I pick my apples early and leave them in piles
in the orchard until cold weather.

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WILLIAM YOUNG, Brantford, Washington county: Have lived in Kansas
twenty-one years. Have 200 apple trees, five to twenty-five years
planted, four to twelve inches in diameter. I prefer for commercial
orchard Winesap, Ben Davis, and Rawle's Janet. I prefer bottom land,
with black loam and clay subsoil. I prefer three-year-old trees, good,
smooth bark, and three or four branches. Have tried root grafts and
seedlings with good success. I cultivate in corn, using plow for
thirteen years; plow toward the trees one year, then away the next.
Windbreaks are essential, and I would make them of cottonwood, box-elder
or catalpa planted in rows on the north side. Am not troubled with
rabbits or borers. I prune with a saw and knife, to produce better
fruit; I think it beneficial. I fertilize with stable litter and wood
ashes; I would advise its use on all soils. I pasture my orchard with
hogs; think it advisable, and that it pays. My trees are troubled some
with insects; codling-moth troubles my apples. I pick my apples by hand
into a basket, then sort and put in the cellar. I sort into two classes,
good and bad; we sort as we pick them. I sell my apples at home and in
town, sometimes in orchard; retail, wholesale, or peddle. Make cider for
vinegar of culls. My best market is Clifton; never tried distant
markets. Never dry any. I store some for winter market in thin layers on
shelves, in cellar seven feet deep, and find the Winesap keeps best.
Prevailing price has been eighty cents.

* * * * *

H. E. PENNY, Hiawatha, Brown county: Have lived in Kansas twenty-eight
years. Have 1800 apple trees--600 planted fifteen years, 1200 planted
ten years. Grow nothing but Ben Davis. Planted two-year-old trees,
twenty-four by thirty feet, on a southern slope. Cultivate in corn for
ten years and then sow to clover. I prune only to keep the watersprouts
from bothering the tree. I believe fertilizing pays, although I have not
tried it. I never allow any stock but poultry in the orchard. I spray
after the bloom has fallen, and ten days later, with Paris green, to
destroy the codling-moth. We sort out only one grade, allowing