r had left_.

SUBJUNCTIVE BY ATTRACTION.

324. 1. Subordinate clauses dependent upon the Subjunctive are frequently
attracted into the same mood especially when they do not express a fact,
but constitute _an essential part of one complex idea_; as,--

nemo avarus adhuc inventus est, cui, quod haberet, esset satis, _no
miser has yet been found who was satisfed with what he had_;

cum diversas causas afferrent, dum formam sui quisque et animi et
ingenii redderent, _as they brought forward different arguments, while
each mirrored his own individual type of mind and natural bent_;

quod ego fatear, pudeat? _should I be ashamed of a thing which I
admit?_

2. Similarly a subordinate clause dependent upon an Infinitive is put in
the Subjunctive when the two form one closely united whole; as,--

mos est Athenis quotannis in contione laudari eos qui sint in proeliis
interfecti, _it is the custom at Athens every year for those to be
publicly eulogized who have been killed in battle_. (Here the notion of
'praising those who fell in battle' forms an inseparable whole.)

NOUN AND ADJECTIVE FORMS OF THE VERB.

325. These are the Infinitive, Participle, Gerund, and Supine. All of these
partake of the nature of the Verb, on the one hand, and of the Noun or
Adjective, on the other. Thus:--

As Verbs,--

a) They may be limited by adverbs;
b) They admit an object;
c) They have the properties of voice and tense.

As Nouns or Adjectives,--

a) They are declined;
b) They take Noun or Adjective constructions.

THE INFINITIVE.

Infinitive without Subject Accusative.

326. This is used chiefly as Subject or Object but also as Predicate or
Appositive.

NOTE.--The Infinitive was originally a Dative, and traces of this are still
to be seen in the poetical use of the Infinitive to express _purpose_; as,
nec dulces occurrent oscula nati praeripere, _and no sweet children will
run to snatch kisses_.

_A. As Subject._

327. 1. The Infinitive without Subject Accusative is used as the Subject of
esse and various impersonal verbs, particularly opus est, necesse est,
oportet, juvat, delectat, placet, libet, licet, praestat, decet, pudet,
interest, etc.; as,--

dulce et decorum est pro patria mori, _it is sweet and noble to die for
one's country_;

virorum est fortium toleranter dolorem pati, _it is the part of brave
men to endure pain with patience_;