o assert the accomplishment of a
result more positively; as,--

aliter si faciat, nullam habet auctoritatem, _if he should do
otherwise, he has no authority_.

Third Type.--Supposed Case Represented as Contrary to Fact.

304. 1. Here we regularly have the Subjunctive in both Protasis and
Apodosis, the Imperfect referring _to present time_, and the Pluperfect
referring _to past_; as,--

si amici mei adessent, opis non indigerem, _if my friends were here, I
should not lack assistance_;

si hoc dixisses, errasses, _if you had said this, you would have
erred_;

sapientia non expeteretur, si nihil efficeret, _philosophy would not be
desired, if it accomplished nothing_;

consilium, ratio, sententia nisi essent in senibus, non summum
consilium majores nostri appellassent senatum, _unless deliberation,
reason, and wisdom existed in old men, our ancestors would not have
called their highest deliberative body a senate_.

2. Sometimes the Imperfect Subjunctive is found referring to the past,
especially to denote _a continued act, or a state of things still
existing_; as,--

Laelius, Furius, Cato si nihil litteris adjuvarentur, numquam se ad
earum studium contulissent, _Laelius, Furius, and Cato would never have
devoted themselves to the study of letters, unless they had been
(constantly) helped by them_;

num igitur si ad centesimum annum vixisset, senectutis eum suae
paeniteret, _if he had lived to his hundredth year, would he have
regretted (and now be regretting) his old age?_

3. The Apodosis in conditional sentences of this type sometimes stands in
the Indicative (Imperfect, Perfect, or Pluperfect), viz.--

a) Frequently in expressions of _ability_, _obligation_, or _necessity_;
as,--

nisi felicitas in socordiam vertisset, exuere jugum potuerunt, _unless
their prosperity had turned to folly, they could have thrown off the
yoke_;

NOTE.--In sentences of this type, however, it is not the _possibility_ that
is represented as-contrary-to-fact, but something to be supplied in thought
from the context. Thus in the foregoing sentence the logical apodosis is
_et exuissent_ understood (_and they would have shaken it off_). When the
_possibility_ itself is conditioned, the Subjunctive is used.

eum patris loco colere debebas, si ulla in te pietas esset, _you ought
to revere him as a father, if you had any sense of