ie.]

[Sidenote: Pueblo society.]

So far as they have been studied, the pueblo Indians are found to be
organized in clans, with descent in the female line, as in the case of
the ruder Indians above described. In the event of marriage the young
husband goes to live with his wife, and she may turn him out of doors if
he deserves it.[91] The ideas of property seem still limited to that
of possessory right, with the ultimate title in the clan, except that
portable articles subject to individual ownership have become more
numerous. In government the council of sachems reappears with a
principal sachem, or cacique, called by the Spaniards "gobernador."
There is an organized priesthood, with distinct orders, and a ceremonial
more elaborate than those of the ruder Indians. In every pueblo there is
to be found at least one "estufa," or council-house, for governmental or
religious transactions. Usually there are two or three or more such
estufas. In mythology, in what we may call pictography or rudimentary
hieroglyphics, as well as in ordinary handicrafts, there is a marked
advance beyond the Indians of the lower status of barbarism, after
making due allowances for such things as the people of the pueblos have
learned from white men.[92]

[Footnote 91: "With the woman rests the security of the
marriage ties; and it must be said, in her high honour, that
she rarely abuses the privilege; that is, never sends her
husband 'to the home of his fathers,' unless he richly deserves
it." But should not Mr. Cushing have said "home of his
mothers," or perhaps, of "his sisters and his cousins and his
aunts?" For a moment afterward he tells us, "To her belong all
the children; and descent, including inheritance, is on her
side." _Century Magazine_, May, 1883, p. 35.]

[Footnote 92: For example, since the arrival of the Spaniards
some or perhaps all of the pueblos have introduced chimneys
into their apartments; but when they were first visited by
Coronado, he found the people wearing cotton garments, and
Franciscan friars in 1581 remarked upon the superior quality of
their shoes. In spinning and weaving, as well as in the
grinding of meal, a notable advance had been made.]

[Illustration: Restoration of Pueblo Bonito.]

[Illustration: Pueblo Penasca Blanca.]

[Sidenote: Wonderful ancient pueblo