les to the
northwest, near the present site of Godthaab. The older settlement,
which began at Igaliko fiord, was known as the East Bygd;[180] the
younger settlement, near Godthaab, was called the West Bygd.

[Footnote 177: A full collection of these chronicles is given
in Rafn's _Antiquitates Americanae_, Copenhagen, 1837, in the
original Icelandic, with Danish and Latin translations. This
book is of great value for its full and careful reproduction of
original texts; although the rash speculations and the want of
critical discernment shown in the editor's efforts to determine
the precise situation of Vinland have done much to discredit
the whole subject in the eyes of many scholars. That is,
however, very apt to be the case with first attempts, like
Rafn's, and the obvious defects of his work should not be
allowed to blind us to its merits. In the footnotes to the
present chapter I shall cite it simply as "Rafn;" as the exact
phraseology is often important, I shall usually cite the
original Icelandic, and (for the benefit of readers unfamiliar
with that language) shall also give the Latin version, which
has been well made, and quite happily reflects the fresh and
pithy vigour of the original. An English translation of all the
essential parts may be found in De Costa, _Pre-Columbian
Discovery of America by the Northmen_, 2d ed., Albany, 1890;
see also Slafter, _Voyages of the Northmen to America_, Boston,
1877 (Prince Society). An Icelandic version, interpolated in
Peringskiold's edition of the _Heimskringla_, 1697, is
translated in Laing, vol. iii. pp. 344-361.

The first modern writer to call attention to the Icelandic
voyages to Greenland and Vinland was Arngrim Jonsson, in his
_Crymogoea_, Hamburg, 1610, and more explicitly in his
_Specimen Islandiae historicum_, Amsterdam, 1643. The voyages
are also mentioned by Campanius, in his _Kort beskrifning om
provincien Nya Swerige uti America_, Stockholm, 1702. The
first, however, to bring the subject prominently before
European readers was that judicious scholar Thormodus Torfaeus,
in his two books _Historia Vinlandiae antiquae_, and _Historia
Gronlandiae antiquae_, Copenhagen, 1